Author Archives: David Henshaw

A to B 43

A to B 43 CoverSince May, our old web address a2b@onetel.net.uk has remained in use on our web site, but only accepting mail with the word MAGAZINE printed in the body, effectively screening out all automated mail. Our primary email address, for magazine subscribers only, changed to atob@onetel.net.uk and this remained unrestricted.

Onetel is now making its own anti-viral arrangements, necessitating a change to @onetel.com, so we’re changing again: a2b@onetel.com for casual web enquiries and atob@onetel.com for you lucky lot. Please wipe out all other addresses and use this one in future, because after 1st September the old addresses will cease to exist. No code words needed. Dead simple, eh?

Enough tedium – we thought it would be interesting to reveal which of our test bikes we’d most like to keep each month.This time, it just has to be the Helios SL. See what you think.

A to B 43 Contents

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A to B 43 Blog, August 2004, Eurotunnel Cycle Service

FIRST PUBLISHED August 2014
Eurotunnel Cycle Services, London to Bright Charity Ride 2004

Press freebies are a bit thin on the ground these days, prompting the Mole to make grateful haste to Folkestone, following an invitation from Eurotunnel to ride through the Channel Tunnel and around something called the Pas de Calais, the foreign bit at the other end.

In the event, the riding through part turned out to mean putting ones bicycle aboard a trailer and travelling by minibus within a train, which sounds like rather more hardware than is strictly necessary, but there we are.

A to B magazine, Eurotunnel Cycle Service, trailerThose wishing to take advantage of the Eurotunnel Cycle Service might wish to note that the closest railway station is actually Folkestone West, not Central, as carelessly printed in the press-pack, and that the cyclists’ rendezvous point is not at the terminal at all, but south of the M20 near the Folkestone branch of Tesco’s. One trusts this information will spare other cyclists the ordeal of joining the M20 motorway for the final approach to the terminal and being apprehended by security guards on the premises. Eurotunnel, it seems, has procedures to keep cyclists out of the tunnel.

A to B magazine, Eurotunnel Cycle Service, France

Hangover- free: Fiona from Bournemouth making it all look very easy. PHOTO Jon Brooke

With composure fully restored, it is time to meet our driver, Norman, not at all the PR type, who kindly stows our bicycles on the trailer and makes us comfy in the minibus. This being a rather choice outing as freebies go, the ‘us’ includes Simon O’Hagan, a charming senior hack from the Independent on Sunday, who makes some excuse about crossing for the D-Day landings. With hardware and journos safely on board, we drive onto the train, vibrate for half an hour at Warp Factor One, and emerge in the Pas de Calais, which is not a bit like Folkestone.

At the Centre d’Affaires in Coquelles we are met by our tourist board minders – Laurence, who rather confusingly turns out to be a woman, and Nicholas, pronounced Nicola, who surprises us all by being a man. Soon we’re rolling through Sangatte, and into the uppie- downie bits, with Nicholas puffing and blowing on Laurence’s bicycle, while the cyclist drives the back-up van. Under cross-examination, it emerges that Nicholas has been banned for drink-driving and has thus been obliged to join us in some gentle exertions.

The coast road rolls past the cliffs of Cap Blanc Nez and Cap Griz Nez where Hitler first spotted Folkestone through his binoculars and famously changed his mind about the invasion. All too soon we’re pedalling through Wimereux, distinctive for its compulsory blue and white beach huts, to our seafront guest house, the Villa Tremail, where the maitre d’ has kindly opened a packet of PG Tips, producing some very weak tea in our honour.

…one of those events that sounds good, but leaves one wondering how it all went so horribly wrong…

The evening visit to a seafood restaurant proves noticeably short of high jinks, our small group remaining stubbornly sober, despite an unlimited bar tab. Independent Simon mumbles the old D-Day excuse, and Fiona from the Bournemouth Echo spends the whole evening toying with a single glass of wine.The menu includes steak, cod, and poisson de la jour, which turns out to be something odd but very tasty beginning with ‘r’. Retire to bed, tiresomely sober.

The next morning, we awaken to a sumptuous breakfast and another round of weak tea, before remounting our steeds for the ride back to Calais by the lightly trafficked inland route. Pausing only to stock up with duty-free in a handy hypermarket, which Norman cheerfully stows on the minibus, it’s all aboard once again, back on the train, another thirty minutes of underfloor massage, and we emerge in miserable old Britain.

Norman asks us to point out that the minibus runs from Folkestone at 08.00 and 15.30 daily, returning at 12.30 and 17.30 from Coquelles. In other words, a day trip is quite practicable, and at £16 for rider, bicycle (and child if on a child seat), quite good value. Strangely, a single ticket costs £31, Eurotunnel adding darkly that day- trippers failing to return will be liable to a £15 penalty. One assumes Norman counts them all out and counts them all back. Do cyclists from the Pas de Calais ever make the return trip to Folkestone? Somehow one suspects not.

Things aren’t all bad in Grande-Bretagne. The Mole was delighted to see Uncle Ken returned as mayor of London early in June, albeit with a less Congestion Charge-friendly assembly. This wonderful news was either deliberately or accidentally marked by a shindig in Trafalgar Square entitled ‘Lifecycle, Bikefest in the Square’ – one of those events that sounds good, but leaves one wondering how it all went so horribly wrong.

As one understood it, this was to be a demonstration of the latest advances in capital cycling, and London’s big cycle dealers, plus manufacturers Brompton and Giant booked space with enthusiasm.

bikefest-tent

Bikefest: The modest tent

Quite why the normally astute Transport for London had asked management company, GDF Diversivents to stage a BMX/skateboard-fest is unclear, but wires obviously became crossed somewhere along the line. On arriving at Trafalgar Square – which certainly looked like a suitable cycling venue on a Sunday afternoon – the Mole was greeted with a rather fierce sign to the effect that bicycles were banned. Limited cycle parking, it seemed, was available elsewhere (bicycles must be removed by 6.30pm on pain of death, etc), or you could just bugger off, depending how enthusiastic you were about BMX and skateboarding. Anyone innocently wheeling their bike across the Square was swiftly evicted by a posse of security guards, the ‘Strictly No Bikes’ rule being vigorously enforced. Not a good start. The second problem was the tent. You can book larger tents for suburban weddings, yet this one was hired to accommodate Sustrans, the London Bicycle Tour Company, Leukemia Research, Giant, The Cycle Show, Evans Cycles, Brompton, Cycle Training UK, Cycle Works, the London Cycling Campaign, the All Abilities Access Group, Bikeweek and the National Cycling Strategy.

bikefest-no-bicycles-sign

‘No Bicycles’

To make matters worse, the very small tent had just one very small entrance, so those members of the public who managed to fight their way in through the mêlée of stallholders, were obliged to turn and fight their way back out through the same orifice. Obviously, anything as cumbersome as a bicycle would have been a serious hazard in such a small space, so display bicycles were banned too.

Outside, there was a bicycle try-out zone, manned by London’s very able Bikefix, but it was hidden away behind the concert hall plasma screen showing nothing in particular, and the BMX, skateboard and roller-blade demo zone. With Bikefix (bless ‘em) intent on demonstrating recumbents, the sensible commuter bikes were rather swamped.

bikefest-bollywood-bikes

Bollywood on Bikes was the best bit

One suspects that even the French might have made a better job of it, but then transport faux pas are something of a British speciality these days.Take the London to Brighton charity cycle ride. Organised by the British Heart Foundation (‘in tandem with Shredded Wheat’, apparently), this event has become the biggest in Europe, attracting 27,000 official riders each June, plus numerous hangers on, including a few, no doubt, who just happened to be visiting the Tooting branch of Sainsburys and found themselves swept along in the throng.

Anywhere else in Europe, special trains would be provided to get 27,000 cyclists home, but not here. In previous years, the British art of fumbling through came into play – extra guards’ vans were found and dusted down, seats were removed from octogenarian rolling stock, and thousands of cyclists ferried home in time for tea.

In 2002, the British Heart Foundation received a note from the then train operator South Central, advising that new rolling stock would be in use on the Brighton line in 2004, so there would be no special arrangements.To enforce the “…the British Heart Foundation decided to send everyone home by road…” ban, an exclusion zone would be created around Brighton railway station, effectively banning all cyclists on the day, whether taking part in the ride or not.

Although suitable rolling stock was available for hire, the British Heart Foundation decided to send everyone home by road, marshalling a fleet of trucks and buses on to the A23, which promptly ground to a halt.

Meanwhile, Brighton railway station was under siege, protected only by a thin blue line of security gorillas. At this stage, a wily group of bicyclists rode to the northern suburbs and boarded a London train at Preston Park station. Having no bikes, the security bods got caught up in the chaos on the A23 and failed to beat them to it.The bicyclists boarded the train, the guard refused to restart, and the line was effectively shut for an hour and a half, until the police arrived and marched the offenders off to Brighton nick.

A to B magazine, World Naked Bikes Rides UK

The ripple effect of this infamous dénouement left confusion and congestion for some time. Innocent cyclists visiting or shopping in Brighton were left tearfully stranded, trains were cancelled and roads blocked. Some participants had driven two cars from London to Brighton in the small hours, left one, returned to London with the other, cycled back to Brighton, and driven back… a total of 230 car-miles. One wonders whether the stress and pollution of the day didn’t kill as many participants as were saved by the healthy exercise.

A to B magazine, World Naked Bike Rides SpainNext year, an altogether better option might be to join one of the World Naked Bike Rides, which tend to be urban events, and thus more easily accessible. Strangely, WNBR has received zero coverage in the cycling media, something A to B hopes to correct, with contributions from Spain (mainly bottoms), The Netherlands (rather formal, and exclusively male), and the USA (exuberantly uninhibited, as one might expect).

Well, it sounds more entertaining than National Bike Week, and quite effective as protests go. The aim, according to a breathless Press Release from World Naked HQ, was to, ‘face automobile traffic with our naked bodies as the best way of defending our dignity and exposing the unique dangers faced by cyclists and pedestrians as well as the negative consequences we all face due to dependence on oil, and other forms of non-renewable energy.’

A to B magazine, World Naked Bike RideEr, yes. In 2005, they’re hoping to organise 1,000 rides. Perhaps they should hijack the London to Brighton? A bit more entertaining for railway staff, anyway.

Folding bikes, of course, were unaffected by the Brighton disaster, although several ever-so-slightly smug folding bike owners found themselves caught up in the rail chaos on the way home, including Brompton marketing manager Edward Donald.

It seems that Brompton has been asked to produce the national ‘Bikes on Trains’ poster, to be displayed at stations and railway ticket agencies throughout Britain. Here was a great opportunity to push the bike/rail message and encourage the use of folding bikes.

A to B magazine, Cambridge-st Ives RailwayBut nothing is simple these days. National rail posters have to be cleared by the Strategic Rail Authority, Association of Train Operating Companies and each of the 25 railway companies, reducing even the most inspirational design to a committee-inspired shell, and the artist to a quivering wreck. Sure enough, the first draft was deemed ‘insufficiently off-peak’, the second contained ‘too many bicycles’, as did the third.The fourth had ‘no visible safety fencing’, the train ‘didn’t look like a real train’, the station – you guessed it – wasn’t a real station and there were too few pedestrians. Finally, and most ludicrously, ATOC felt the poster was putting too great an emphasis on ‘touring in the countryside’ – the raison d’être, surely? The great names of British railway poster art must be turning in their graves.

Fortunately, a few weeks later, ‘New’ Labour finally lost patience with our costly, inefficient, corrupt and generally useless privatised railway and abolished the less-than-Strategic Rail Authority.

Just days before, the Mole had received a desperate communication from Cambridge, where campaigners and residents have been fighting a long battle to have their railway service reinstated, against the wishes of Cambridgeshire County Council, which is pressing for the line to become a guided busway (see A to B 41). Things looked good for the railway campaign when the Council grudgingly revealed that it had received 4,000 letters opposing the busway, two that were ‘uncommitted’, and a miserly four in favour. Unfortunately, in one of its last, and pottiest policy statements, the Strategic Rail Authority unhelpfully chipped in with the announcement that it was in favour of, er, turning the strategic rail corridor into a busway. With friends like Richard Bowker, what need has the railway for enemies? Which brings us to the less than gratifying news that railway strategy will now be handled by the Department for (Road) Transport. Plus ça change…

Eurotunnel Cycle Service: Bookings are compulsory – tel 01303 288790 or 288933 Monday to Friday 09.00 to 17.30 email uktkt.desk@eurotunnel.com web www.eurotunnel.com/cycle . Pas de Calais Tourist Board: tel +33 3211 03460 mail accueil@pas-de- calais.com web www.pas-de-calais.com . Villa Tremail: tel +33 3213 03358 mail villatremail@free.fr

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Letters A to B 43 – front changers . regenerative braking . semi-recumbents . small tyres

Climb Every Mountain

speed-drive

The ‘kick-change’ Speed Drive is well suited to the Brompton

Regarding Brompton gears (A to B 42), those who own the 6-speed machine would no doubt do well to experiment with sprocket changes, but owners of older machines (which I believe cannot be economically upgraded) don’t have this option. I think that the principal objection to multiple chainrings is that, so far as I am aware, there is no ‘mainstream’ conversion available. Inevitably, they do add complication but I liked the minimalist approach of a Brompton rider I encountered on the C2C who shifted his chain with a hand-held hook, apparently fashioned from a wire coathanger. My own design uses a Shimano braze- on mech and thumb shifter and is mainly aimed at filling the gaps in the standard Sturmey 5-speed range. I agree a wider range would be helpful but, pending the availability of better things, it seems we have to choose – never mind the width, feel the closeness!

I agree with what you say about possible chain-related problems; you might have added that the cage of the front mech has to be open at the bottom so as to allow the bike to fold. It occurs to me to add that a conversion provides an excuse to get rid of the rather down market standard chainset and benefit from shorter cranks.

George Winspur
Rochester, Kent

We’re still not keen. A multiple chainring adds more weight than a sprocket change and you have to fold the bike with care, particularly when the chain gets a bit old and slack – we’ve seen broken tensioner arms caused by misaligned, slack chains. For older Bromptons, we’d recommend either fitting the excellent Mountain or Speed Drive conversion (not cheap, but engineered for life), or trading the bike in for a new 6-speed with alternative sprockets. The secondhand value of grotty old Bromptons makes this very worthwhile. (Eds)

Extra Gears = More Speed?

I found the test of the Lafree Comfort ST interesting, because I’ve been using a SRAM 5- speed hub on my Lafree Lite since fitting it early this year. After nearly a thousand miles, I can confirm that the change does improve somewhat with time as Giant indicated, but it never gets anywhere near the slickness of the Nexus three speed. However, it soon becomes instinctive to stop pedalling and allow that moment extra for the ‘click’ from the hub. Given the hill climbing ability, it doesn’t matter if one involuntarily stops at a change down from second to first, since even a 1 in 7 hill start with a 14 kilogram trailer attached is easy with moderate assistance.

I’ve also tried both 18- and 17-tooth rear sprockets in place of the standard SRAM 19- tooth. Any hypothetical illegality due to the use of the 18-tooth is virtually undetectable, given that the power begins to phase out at higher crank speed. However, the legal position isn’t really the issue, particularly with a 17-tooth – it’s more the lack of available power. In fifth with the 17-tooth, the least incline or moderate headwind forces a premature change down to fourth, leaving one travelling slower than if the original 19-tooth was in use, so after extensive testing with both 18- and 17-tooth, I concluded the standard arrangement was best. Also, as ever with NiMh or Nicd battery power, what’s viable when the battery is fully charged can soon prove not to be so in the latter half of the charge usage as the voltage reduces.

Tony Flecchia
Croydon

One problem with the Lafree for enthusiastic cyclists is the rather limited top gear ratio of around 80-inches – if a higher gear is used, the bike will either run illegally fast or, as Tony found, give up on hills. A solution might be to fit the bike with a 5-speed hub and ultra-high gearing to give four power-assisted ratios, and a sort of overdrive top, for use with the motor turned off when the going is easy and you want to pedal at higher speed. (Eds)

Familiar Semi-recumbent

urban-glider

Urban Glider (above) and Giant Revive (below) Despite technical differences, the bikes are remarkably similar in terms of geometry and equipment

At the CTC York rally I had a brief try on a pedal-assisted semi- recumbent electric bike from an outfit called Urban Mover. It was twistgrip operated, but power only came on when pedalling. At around £850, I thought it was very competitive, and streets ahead of the Lafree in appearance.

giant-reviveBut for ‘worried . mum of  Surrey’  (Letters, A to B 42), don’t   think of buying  your 14 year old an electric bike. Offer him a decent sports tourer with a reasonable rack/pannier/saddlebag arrangement. He’ll be fitter, stronger and more independent… never did me any harm anyway.

Jim Whitfield
Beverley,Yorkshire

Ah, those were the days. Incidentally, despite having a bus season ticket, editor David Henshaw cycled six miles each way to school for several years (and occasionally home to lunch), all on a single-speed bike, dreaming all the while of owning a Sturmey 3-speed (this is all true). However, that was in flat seaside terrain.We should have made it clear that the route described in the letter crosses the South Downs between Albury and Cranleigh – a climb of at least 500 feet each way.Throw in the stress of dealing with rampaging four-wheel-drives, and it’s definitely an electric bike job, unless the young man is really keen.

The Urban Glider UM30 is a fascinating machine, very similar to the unassisted Giant EZB semi-recumbent, but with NiMH power and a competitive claimed weight of 26kg. If you want one you’ll have to hurry, as Giant is taking action to get it removed from sale due to copyright infringements, which is hardly surprising. (Eds)

Which Tyre Size?

I was interested in Nils Hoglund’s letter in A to B 42. I have no personal experience of folding bikes but I am hoping to buy one in the near future, and have been carefully scrutinising the reviews in A to B to select my model. Despite the acclaim given to the Brompton, I am rather put off by what appear – to someone used to a conventional bike – to be its very small wheels, which look like a lot of hard work, and I have been considering the Dahon Helios as an alternative, simply because of the 20-inch wheel size.

I would welcome some information and discussion on this point, and contributions from other readers’ experiences. Are 16-inch wheels really too tiring for anything more than short journeys nipping around town?

Peter Bolwell
Hastings, East Sussex

Although we’re evangelists for small wheels, we can’t deny that rolling resistance rises as wheel diameter decreases, but with modern tyres the effect is quite small.The best 20-inch (406mm) bikes are almost indistinguishable from big wheelers – in fact, the reduced mass and lower wind resistance probably makes them faster on good road surfaces.With the smaller 347mm tyre fitted to the Brompton, the performance gap is beginning to widen, but we’ve ridden 100 miles (once!), and many 50 mile days without exhaustion. If you can find a comfortable wind-cheating position, the tyre size becomes relatively unimportant. Sub-347mm sizes really are limited to short distances, although oddly our rolling resistance figures don’t seem to bear this out. Perhaps the extra fatigue results from the choppier less forgiving ride, rather than rolling resistance alone? (Eds)

Fluctuating Thingies

EPS Amigo Electric Bike

Drive system on the EPS Amigo, one of the very few electric bikes to offer regenerative braking

It is well known that a fluctuating magnetic field will produce a fluctuating electric current in a conductor and that conversely a fluctuating electric current will produce a fluctuating magnetic field. Can someone explain why an electric bike is designed to be run by pedal power on a level road and power-assisted to climb a hill but not arranged to charge the battery and at the same time provide braking assistance when travelling downhill.

Alex Massie
Chirnside, Berwickshire

Professor Pivot Replies: ‘Regenerative’ braking is something of a Holy Grail for cyclists and by far the most common question about electric bikes. My negative replies are always met with rather crestfallen, gloomy looks! Firstly, electrical braking can be and very occasionally is built into electric bikes, but it’s hardly worthwhile for a number of reasons. As a general rule, motors turn much faster than road wheels, so a fair amount of energy is required simply to turn the gears and motor. Consequently, most are fitted with a one-way clutch to disengage the motor when the rider is coasting or pedalling without assistance. For the motor to be available as a brake, it would have to be permanently engaged, with all the energy losses that would entail.

A few sophisticated wheel-speed AC motors have been produced, eliminating the frictional loss problem (and, incidentally, most of the noise). As AC motors are inherently well suited to providing regenerative braking, these are usually fitted with such a system. However, when you take into account chemical, electrical and frictional losses in the battery, controls, wiring, motor, drive system and tyres, plus vehicle wind resistance, there may be very little power left to store. A few years ago I experimented with a Zappy scooter, and found that the descent was regenerating a mere 20% of the energy consumed on the climb! I suspect that suitable AC motors will eventually become commonplace, but the impetus for regenerative braking will have more to do with reducing stress on the conventional braking system than improved power-assist efficiency.

Whacky Fringe

We all know that the Association of British Drivers is a small group of right-wing nutters with a tenuous grasp of reality. However, they have garnered a huge amount of media attention, out of all proportion to their real significance.

So, let’s set up the Association of British Cyclists (ABC) whose job will be to pronounce similarly whacky views, albeit from a two-wheel perspective.The ABD wants to ban speed cameras (except for those few in ‘appropriate places’ of course) – the ABC will counter with a demand for cameras placed every 100 metres on every stretch of road, everywhere.The ABD wants the motorway speed limit raised; the ABC would like to see it cut to 40mph, with the inside lane reserved for bikes. And so it goes on.

This way, the ABC can be dismissed as a radical fringe, leaving the CTC and LCC looking terribly moderate and responsible.Well, it’s a thought isn’t it?

Peter Henshaw
Sherborne, Dorset

Trundling and Musing

While trundling home in a downpour recently, I managed to enter a higher mental plane by contemplating on the design of a folding tandem. I’ve thought for a long time that there is an empty niche for a Brompton- or Birdy-esque tandem, folding to public transport size in less than a minute without disassembly.

The problem has always been, what to do with the timing chain? Folding the rear wheel under interferes with the chain. All obvious solutions involve removal and filth. My mind drifted back to articles in recent A to B’s and the piece in issue 39, on shaft drives. I think that this is the answer.A shaft drive connecting front and rear cranks, with a chain final drive.

The bike would fold in the same places as a Brompton, have 349mm wheels, suspension front and rear, drum brakes and an 8-speed hub.The solution seems so obvious that I think that I must have missed something. Nothing in cycling design is really new, so has this been done before?

Davy Nichol
Symington, Ayrshire

It can be made to work – see the folding shaft-drive on the Di Blasi trike, page 36. (Eds)

Peak Oil

Tony Raven (Letters, A to B 42) was right to be wary of any pundit using the phrase ‘running out of oil’. But those in the ‘70s with access to the best data were predicting that output would reach an absolute maximum around the year 2000 and then go into permanent decline. In the event, the year-on-year increase in global demand was substantially curtailed following the oil crises, but after a short-lived decline, consumption resumed its upward trajectory. Contrary to Tony’s impression, those leading the wake-up call on Peak Oil are primarily retired geologists. See the Association for the Study of Peak Oil (www.peakoil.net).

Bill Jamieson
Stow, Borders

Clip Your Own

You might be interested in visiting www.bikesmithdesign.com/peters_pedals/ which describes some removable SPD pedals I made using MKS Promenade pedals and a cleat from another pedal.The pictures are on the Minnesota Human Powered Vehicles Association website for reasons that are too complicated to go into! I have replaced my folding toe clips with this new solution. Much better when clipped in and much more convenient when using ordinary shoes.

Peter Amey
Bradford on Avon,Wiltshire

The MKS Promenade demountable pedals (see Helios SL) are a useful folding bike accessory, but cost in the region of £60 a pair. Any good bike shop should be able to order them, although Norman Fay Cycles is the only stockist we’ve yet come across – tel: 0191 456 1055. (Eds)

Electrifying

I have two 5-speed Bromptons both with front and rear carriers etc, the older with two gear levers, the younger (inherited from my late son) with one. I keep one in southwest Scotland where it is moderately hilly, and being of free TV licence age I would appreciate some power-assistance on the hills! The nearest shop and pub are five miles return away along the coast road, but I would be tempted to go further with a little help.

As an avid A to B reader,I have sensed that you are coming round to the idea of folding electric bikes? Presumably a brake upgrade would also be recommended?

B.E.Sayers
Wolverhampton

We’d recommend contacting either Kinetics in Glasgow (tel: 0141 942 2552) or E-go (tel: 07974 723996). Both have experience in fitting small motors into small wheels. (Eds)

The Final Word

In which you get your say… briefly

Excellent – more of the same for twelve months please! Genuinely useful, interesting and entertaining . Super – don’t change it . Vastly overpriced . Excellent value . Fantastic mag, monthly please, pretty please! PS Less electric bikes, more folders . Thanks for the article on brakes . More about trips and maintenance of folders, a bit less on electric bikes Just the right balance – I read every item . Could you do folding tandems? Too many electric bikes! Please include more articles from Japan and Asia . Rob Cope’s rail guide is sadly missed . Different but interesting . I like the politics related to all forms of transport Required reading on the way to the Le Mans 24 hour race . Rekindles my enthusiasm amongst all the gloom . I love the magazine, but my wife hates being ignored while I’m reading it Creates domestic dramas as we both try to grab it . Best thing since our homemade bread A voice of sanity, and fun besides! My bi-monthly dose of sanity – keep pedalling it!

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virgin-pendelino

Are trains really ‘green’?

Professor Pivot“The current issue of Modern Railways magazine has an interesting article by Roger Ford on car, train and plane energy efficiency (June 2004, pp30-31). Ford’s analysis, ‘suggests, and I expect that this will generate some howls of protest, that a family of four going by car is about as environmentally friendly as you can get’. He has obviously forgotten the bicycle, but then he is talking about long distance journeys. Given that in theory ‘nothing can equal the steel wheel on steel rail for environmentally friendly transport’, what has gone wrong? A new state-of-the- art Virgin Super Voyager weighs 40% more per seat than an Intercity 125. Second, faster trains use a lot more energy – cutting the London-Edinburgh time by 30 minutes increases energy consumption by one half. Is half an hour worth it? Third, new trains are badly engineered.The new Pendolino intercity trains use 14 times as much energy for lighting as the trains they replace. How can this be?”

Dr Tim Leunig (daily commuter)
Surbiton

There’s no doubt that energy efficiency has been largely ignored by the railways since privatisation. Some of the last British Rail commuter trains were designed to use 20% less power than their (already efficient) predecessors, through lightweight construction, and by using AC motors, which can more easily provide ‘regenerative braking’ – putting electricity back into the supply when slowing down. For various reasons, this system was never made operational, and conventional brakes remain in use today. Meanwhile, the railway power supply is being completely revamped in the southeast to allow even more power-hungry German machines to enter service. Another odd modern practice is the tendency to put a diesel loco at either end of a train, because it’s cheaper than paying Network Rail to operate the points for the locomotive to run round to the front on branch lines! And although I have not seen the figures, I don’t doubt that the new Virgin Voyager is less fuel-efficient than the wonderful Intercity 125 trains (another British Rail achievement, incidentally). As with cars, extra weight through increased crash-worthiness, power-hungry air-conditioning, and greater acceleration are beginning to make inroads into the inherent efficiency of rail vehicles, although as we shall see, the figures stubbornly indicate that both modes are becoming more fuel-efficient.

When comparing road with rail, we must try not to lose sight of the bigger transport picture. Road transport has indeed become slightly more fuel-efficient in recent years: average vehicle consumption improving slightly, from 25.2mpg in 1993 to 28.2mpg in 2002, largely because of the introduction of fuel-efficient small diesels. Incidentally, these figures are drawn from total vehicle mileage and total fuel consumption, so they include buses and HGVs, which might sound unfair. On the other hand, only 5.8% of traffic is HGV, and the figures also include mopeds and motorcycles. Cars and light vans account for an astonishing 92% of total mileage.

In broad terms, the fuel consumption of road vehicles has hardly changed in 80 years because the increase in efficiency has been obscured by increased weight, bigger engines and so on. Only in North America have cars genuinely become more economic (from a very low base, of course).Throughout the developed world, vehicle efficiency is thought to be on the fall again – presumably because of the recent growth in gas-guzzling 4-wheel- drives, and as a side-effect of increasing congestion. And irrespective of the fuel efficiency of individual vehicles, the growth in UK vehicle mileage has caused an increase in overall consumption, from 39.5 million tonnes (petroleum equivalent) in 1993 to 41.5 million tonnes in 2002.

virgin-pendelino

Virgin’s new Pendolino (left). Is it really less fuel-efficient than it’s predecessor (right)? PHOTO : www.the-siding.co.uk

Meanwhile, the amount of fuel consumed by the railway industry (mainly diesel fuel and electricity) has fallen dramatically, from 0.93 million tonnes to 0.72 million tonnes (petroleum equivalent) in the same period, even though rail passenger/miles have increased by almost a quarter.There are many reasons why this might be so – scrapping of older thirstier freight locomotives, reduction of heavy coal traffic, and (hopefully) better vehicle utilisation, being the obvious ones.

If we look more closely at the 2002 figures and remove the fuel used to move freight (about 10% of the total), we find that passenger rail vehicles consumed some 648,000 tonnes of fuel and covered 443 million train/km.This could be expressed as 684 km/tonne or .581 km/litre, or even more conveniently, as 1.7 miles per gallon. As the average passenger loading in 2002 was 89.6, we can deduce a rough figure of 148 mpg/passenger for rail.

Yes, passenger rail vehicles are getting heavier, thirstier and faster, and they’re doing more miles, but because they’re faster, they’re attracting a lot more passengers, which helps to explain why the mpg/passenger figure is holding up so well.

Roger Ford suggests that a family of four can travel long distances more efficiently by road. In theory – provided their vehicle was a little more efficient than average – this would be possible, but as we all know, the problem with road transport is a passenger loading per car that hovers frustratingly around one. In other words, cars are usually carrying one person to work, or worse still, undertaking ‘positioning moves’; running driver-only to pick up passengers howells ac. In ‘cradle to grave’ terms, intensively-used rail vehicles do much better. As always, the answer is to make better use of public transport.

But, as Tim rightly observes, rail could do better and could make more effort to build on its many other environmental advantages.With the right technology, reduced track congestion and even better vehicle loadings, an improvement to 300mpg/passenger or more would be quite achievable.

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Dahon Helios SL

Dahon Helios SL Folding BikeFor some time we’ve been predicting that the winners and losers from the next generation of folding bikes will be judged in terms of weight. On a conventional bike, light weight is little more than a good talking point, but a folder has to be carryable. We’ve lost count of the strapping great fellows who’ve told us they can’t understand our enthusiasm for lightweight folders. And if you too can run the length of Clapham Junction with a 15kg bike, or heave it over the sill of a car boot, you won’t really be interested either. For the rest of us, lightweight folding bikes are the future.

…our demo bike was sold before we could grab it. Clearly there was a demand…

Every gram counts, but once you get into exotic materials, the cost can rise rapidly.When we built our lightweight Brompton back in 1998, some changes were easy and cheap, but others cost 50p or more, per gram saved. Our fully-equipped bike ending up weighing 10.4kg and costing £687 (including purchase cost) – figures that look respectable even today.

Back to conventional off-the-shelf technology in 2004, and a typical Dahon or Brompton will weigh 12 or 13kg and cost around £500. But start stripping weight off, and the price rises rapidly. Birdy market a couple of bikes in the 11kg region for around a thousand pounds, and Bike Friday will sell you an even lighter machine, but it’ll cost well into four-figures in the UK. At the ultra-light end, there are a few single-speed, titanium oddities, such as the 6.5kg Panasonic Traincle, but that’s more or less priceless here, and a bit of a quirky thing to ride.

Dahon launched its assault on the ‘quality end’ last year with the limited edition Helios XX, which weighed a claimed 7.8kg without pedals, and cost £1,000.We say ‘claimed’ because our long-promised demo bike was sold (by a shop that must remain nameless) before we could grab it. Clearly there was a demand.

Dahon Helios Folding Bike Front Wheel

At the heart of the SL are these beautiful Rolf wheels and lightweight Schwalbe tyres

The XX utilised all sorts of expensive bits, but after some careful cost/benefit calculations, Dahon introduced the ‘budget’ Helios SL for the summer 2004 season.This bike costs a relatively slimline £800 and weighs 8.65kg on our scales, or precisely 19lb in real units.That’s far and away the lightest bike we’ve tested (if we ignore the Traincle), and one of a very select group of sub-10kg bikes – certainly the only one costing under the magic grand. Congratu- lations to Dahon for converting a relatively conventional aluminium bike (our last Helios weighed 12.2kg) into a super- lightweight racer. How was it done?

The Knowledge

The basis for this machine is the Helios 20-inch wheel bicycle, reviewed in more conventional form in A to B 31. Centrepiece of the conversion to SL spec are a pair of beautiful and ultra-light Rolf wheels, with 14 radial spokes on the front and 16 more conventionally-strung spokes at the rear.The spokes are noticeably ‘waisted’ to save weight (double-butted in engineering terms) and the wheel rims are the deep racy kind.Tyres are a super-lightweight version of the Schwalbe Stelvio we tested last year in 16-inch form.

…a wheel/tyre combination making all the right noises and transmitting all the right vibrations…

Dahon Helios Folding BikeWe judged the conventional Stelvio to have similar rolling resistance to the Brompton or Primo, which was slightly disappointing, but it weighed a few grams less, and was better suited to narrow rims. At 172g, the new ‘Light’ version fitted to the SL is probably the lightest production 406mm tyre in the world. It’s hard to believe that not so long ago, the 260g Primo Comet was considered a world-beater…The Light Stelvio rolls well too, reaching an excellent roll-down speed of 15mph on our test-hill, but in this respect, it’s still narrowly beaten by the Primo. Schwalbe has launched the tyre as a ‘Dahon Special Edition’ in snazzy orange and black, although a mass-market version is expected in the autumn.

Pair the Light Stelvio with inner tubes weighing only 74g apiece, and wheels weighing 500g, and you get an idea where much of the weight has been taken off. As any Formula One designer will tell you, if you’re removing weight from a machine the wheels are a good place to start, because lighter rotating bits react faster and more precisely to power input, plus cornering and braking forces. This certainly holds true for the SL, which goes far better than you might expect from a bike/rider combination that’s only 5% lighter than the cooking model.The bike storms away from the lights, leans hard through sweeping curves and brakes smoothly and consistently. Of course, much of the performance comes from the enthusiasm of the rider, and nothing generates enthusiasm more than a highly strung wheel/tyre combination making all the right sporty noises and transmitting all the right vibrations.

The gear system (presumably chosen on weight grounds) is SRAM X-7, which is actually an 8-speed, just to confuse the innocent consumer. It’s very pretty to look at and seems to do all the proper gear things as and when expected, although the change is not quite on a par with the very best. According to SRAM, the 7-series features ‘speed release spool detent shifting’, whatever that might mean, if indeed it means anything. In practice, most changes are satisfyingly crisp and clunky, rather than sewing machine slick.Very Germanic.

Dahon Helios Folding Bike GearsAs compromises go, the ratios are more or less perfect.The 34-inch bottom gear should get the Helios up most gradients without too much huffing and blowing, and the top gear of 88-inches is tall enough to nip along on the flat with a following breeze, but not high enough for spinning down long gradual descents. Power transmission is wonderfully direct and there’s very little flex from the rear of the bike, so the Helios SL tends to encourage you to work hard and reward you with the desired forward motion. Standing out of the saddle is less satisfactory, because there’s quite a lot of flex in the front of the frame and the handlebar stem, which feels too frail for grunty, sweaty riding. Whether this is enough of a problem to put off the more seriously athletic types remains to be seen. A Bike Friday is certainly tauter, and thus almost certainly a little faster, but within the slightly flexy limitations of the Helios frame, the SL runs a surprisingly close second. And don’t forget how much money you’ve saved.

Dahon Helios Folding Bike - PedalElsewhere it’s hard to see where the weight has been shaved off.The handlebars look like carbon fibre and are called Carbonlite, but seem to be made of aluminium. No matter, they’re clearly very light and they look the part. Speaking of looks, the orange and black tyres, black frame, black stem and orange/yellow saddle may not be your cup of tea, but the general effect is suitably striking. As evidence for this, the hot wheels elicited a nod and grunt from a passing racer – a rare occurrence with a small-wheeler.

Opinions differ over the riding position.The saddle starts as-low-as-you-like and goes up to 100cm from the ground, while the bars are adjustable between a lowish 92.5cm and a giant 112cm. Not surprisingly, big people had mostly nice things to say, but those with a shorter torso and arms complained that although the saddle was in the right place, the handlebars were a bit of a stretch. Adjusting the height doesn’t cure the reach problem.

Folding

Dahon Helios Folding Bike - Folded

Not the smallest folded package, but perfectly manageable, thanks to its low weight

Typical Dahon, and easier than most.The handlebars fold down using the same mechanism we took a dislike to on the Presto in A to B 36. It does seem better on this example, but we know from experience that play can develop with use, which is something you really don’t want on a sportier bike like this. No complaint in that department with the mainframe hinge, which was horribly tight, producing a nasty groan whenever we forced it to perform. It got more cheerful after a bit of lubrication, but don’t we all? Nice tight engineering tolerances are no bad thing in hinges, but when you come to fold your beautiful new SL in front of an appreciative crowd, they’re liable to fall about laughing.

Folded size is adequate rather than stunning: 40cm wide, 68cm tall and 80cm long. That’s taller and wider than the standard Helios, but shorter, because the SL has slightly smaller tyres and no mudguards. Folded volume ‘as it comes’ is a reasonable 218 litres (7.8 cu ft), but remove the seat pillar and stow it between the wheels and the volume reduces to a much more presentable 180 litres (6.4 cu ft).Various fiddlings with handlebars will reduce the width below 40cm, but it’s hardly worth the trouble unless you expect to be travelling on a very packed train, for example.The bike comes with a velcro band to tie the wheels together, but as nearly always happens, we lost it within ten minutes. Fortunately – provided the bits are all properly secured – this is an easy bike to carry.You can’t argue with 8.7kg.

The folding process is aided by a pair of MKS Promenade demountable pedals. If you haven’t seen these before, fitting and removal involves pulling back a little spring-loaded collar on the pedal stem, which allows the pedal to slip out, leaving just the 20mm collar. Weighing only 175g apiece, these are the lightest ‘folding’ pedals around, with only the Brompton pedal leaving a smaller folded projection or more efficient folded/unfolded size ratio (6:1 against 4.3:1 for the MKS). Our only criticism is that you have to double check that the collars have seated properly before riding off. One of ours was a bit sticky, resulting in a loose pedal on a couple of occasions.When removed, the pedals have gooey greasy stubs. Dahon provides a little bag to put ‘em in, which solves the grease problem, but leave the bag on the train, and you’re completely stuck.You’ll also be £60 poorer (see Letters). Incidentally, with the pedals stowed elsewhere (‘Is that an MKS Promenade in your pocket, or are you just glad to see me?’), the rest of the bike weighs only 8.37kg. A small, but significant bonus.

Accessories

A short paragraph this one.The SL has no mudguards, no pump, no lights, no rack and no stand. But it’s a standard Helios frame, with standard fitting lugs, so you can bolt most of them on if you want.The only thing we’d demand if we were using the bike on a regular basis would be lightweight mudguards of some kind – there must be such a thing?

Speaking of accessories, the Rolf wheels do not take kindly to reflectors, which are, of course, a legal requirement in the UK and almost everywhere else.We found the reflectors supplied with the bike fitted the front wheel (albeit rather close to the hub) but wouldn’t play ball with the rear spokes. If some clown knocks you off your SL at dusk, a quick-witted lawyer may pick up on this, so would-be purchasers need to find a BS- approved reflector that fits.

Conclusion

Rather to our surprise, we found ourselves using the SL for all sorts of journeys, the light weight more than making up for the large folded size for rail trips. On the open road, the low rolling resistance and crisp gear change were much appreciated too.

We think the SL is worth every penny of that eight hundred quid, and even if it wasn’t, it has the lightweight market all to itself. If you’ve bought A to B with the intention of spending a few pounds on a car-boot bike for Sunday afternoons in the park, we insist you think again. If you can live with the lurid orange/black colour scheme, this is a bike you will learn to love – it rolls well and it’s a dream to carry.

The real market, one assumes, is amongst younger, trendier, more serious riders, and the SL bursts straight into Airnimal/Bike Friday territory, breaking all the weight records by a considerable margin. Add some basic mudguards and a pair of LED lights, and you could build a practical super-commuter weighing less than 9kg – a sensational figure. If you would prefer to put those few precious grams into full suspension, Dahon also produce the 9kg Jetstream XP.

Specification

Dahon Helios SL . £800 . Weight 8.65kg (19lb) . Gears SRAM X-7 8spd . Ratios 34″ – 88″ Folded Dimensions W40cm H68cm L80cm . Folded Volume 218 litres (7.8cu ft) .Folded Dimensions Saddle stem removed W40cm H56cm L80cm . Folded volume Saddle stem removed 180 litres 6.4cu ft . Manufacturer Dahon web www.dahon.com . UK distributor Cyclemotion tel 0800 585405 mail sales@cyclemotion.co.uk web www.dahon.co.uk

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Cateye EL500 Headlight

cateye-el500-headlightLight Emitting Diodes, or LEDs, have been around for years.We don’t need to worry too much about how they work except that in place of the old-fashioned white-hot bulb filament, there’s a gap where electrons, er, sort of vault across, giving off light in the process. No filament to burn out or vibrate to bits (life is effectively infinite in bicycle terms), greater efficiency, so batteries last longer and/or weigh less.

Initially, you could have any colour you liked as long as it was red and rather dim, but the power, efficiency and colour range has expanded enormously.Three or four years ago, the best red LEDs began to exceed the brightness of traditional rear lights and a few are now approved for use in Germany, although the situation here is a bit confused (so what’s new?).White LEDs, like black tulips, seemed an impossible dream, but they soon began to appear, although brightness and colour were not what they might have been.

In December 2002, we tested the best white LED lamps around – the Cateye EL200 and EL300 – and were quite impressed. One of the oddities of these lights is that they can scare off motorists or seek out a reflective sign at a kilometre, but fail to illuminate a large pothole right under your nose.The reason for this, so the boffins tell us, is tied up with wavelengths, photons and other mysterious things. Suffice to say, white LEDs are great in town, but less practical in open country where reflective signs and motorists are thin on the ground, and potholes more prevalent.

In the past, LEDs were small (typically consuming 200mW), so lights tended to be fitted with a handful of them, making reflectors complex and inefficient.The breakthrough has come with the advent of the powerful Luxeon 1,000mW white LED, combining the brightness of the best halogen bulbs, with the long-range penetrative power and lower battery consumption of a white LED.The first one watt LED torches surfaced about a year ago (several are now available, mainly on US websites), and they’ve just started to appear in bicycle lights.We were lucky enough to raid the first consignment of Cateye EL500s to arrive on these shores – they should soon be in the shops for about £45.

Prayers Answered

On paper, this is the answer to every bicyclist’s prayers.Where our EL200 used to fill with water at the first sign of rain, the EL500 is claimed to be waterproof to 30 metres or 100ft.Whether that’s true, we can’t say, but Alexander said it worked well in the bath and it scared the wits out of our goldfish at 300mm. Even if water does get past the neoprene sealing ring, the reflector/LED assembly is sealed, the electronics are encapsulated in silicon rubber and the on/off switch (clever this) is a sealed magnetic switch.We feel confident enough to say that this torch is waterproof for most cycling/outdoor activities, except perhaps, deep water scuba-unicycling.

Like other LED front lights, the EL500 is not legal on its own in the UK, but to be honest, approval here can be only a matter of time. The far wimpier EL300 has gained approval in Germany as the EL300G and UK lighting laws are so discredited as to be virtually worthless. We’d have no qualms about using this as a sole light source, and we’re sure the police would nod in approval. Thanks to some clever reflector technology, the EL500 casts an intense ‘slot’ of light to the sides for those awkward roundabout moments, and gives a nicely focussed beam, with just enough scatter to illuminate verges close by. It’s not as good as the best halogen dynamo lighting set, but brighter than almost everything else.

The mounting bracket is the standard Cateye H-32 – not the cleverest design, but quick-release and easy to adjust.The light only weighs 190g complete with batteries, just 40g more than the smaller EL200 and 105g less than the chunky EL300.

Power hungry

The bad news is high power consumption.The Luxeon is more efficient than a traditional bulb, but not by much, and battery life is nowhere near Cateye’s ‘up to 30 hours’ claim. Power consumption is 2.2 watts with conventional alkaline batteries, or 1.3 watts with rechargeables, at slightly reduced brightness. Depending on battery quality, run time will be 3 to 81/2 hours with rechargeables, or 51/2 – 71/2 hours with conventional batteries. In practice, the EL500 can run for another 50 hours, but at much reduced brightness, so you won’t be left groping in the dark when the battery fails, but you may end up changing batteries (4 x AA cells) more than you would like.

Get More Info, This would make an excellent caving light because of it’s compact size, water- resistance and extended ‘back-up’ run time. No doubt the run time and brightness will improve with more intuitive electronics, but in the meantime, delight your friends with the brightest, most penetrating light around.

Specification

Cateye EL500 . £44.99 . Weight c/w batteries 190g . Power consumption 1.3 – 2.2 watts Battery life full brightness 3 to 81/2 hours reduced brightness Up to 60 hours .Manufacturer Cateye web www.cateye.com . UK distributor Zyro PLC tel 01423 325325 mail zyro@zyro.co.uk

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S&S Couplings

S&S CouplingsLiving without a car brings its own joys, but add a tandem to the equation and life gets more complicated. Given the attitude of most train operating companies to tandem carriage, long distance rides are tricky indeed. My wife Anna and I planned an epic from Portland Bill in Dorset to John O’ Groats in the far north: ride up, train back, simple. Except that the Thurso-southwards train doesn’t take tandems, and nor does the Scotrail bike-carrying road van which runs parallel to it in the summer.

What to do? One very pleasant, but decidedly round-about option, was to hop on a boat to the Orkney islands, transfer to the overnight Stromness-Aberdeen ferry, and then board the mainline GNER service next morning; and that would take tandems, as long as we bagged the one space quickly enough. It remained the preferred option until pressure of work forced us to cut the trip short – now Anna, myself and ‘Black Lightning’ would be boarding at Glasgow. So we were back to square one.

S&S Couplings

Eek!! With the frame carefully marked, a short section is cut out of each tube

But trains do accept folding bikes (even tandems), so another solution presented itself – fit S & S frame couplings to the bike.The couplings are precision-made stainless steel threaded lugs that allow any full-size frame to separate in 60 seconds or so. American Steve Smilanick invented them about ten years ago. He was due to board a Mediterranean cruise, and wanted to take his Bianchi race bike along for 100- mile day rides while other cruisers were lolling in port. With a degree in Industrial Technology (not to mention his own machine shop) he had no trouble designing and producing the first S&S couplings.

S&S Couplings

Three pieces of tube, with the couplings behind

They worked so well that he went into business, and ten years later is kept busy producing ‘thousands’ (he wouldn’t tell me how many thousands) of the things a year, for cyclists who want the performance and rigidity of a full-size bike (‘cumbersome’ to A to B veterans) with at least some of the convenience of a folder.

Naturally, a couple of old Bickerton hinges pop-rivetted onto the frame tube wouldn’t do the trick, and the S&S couplings are impressively machined from solid billets of stainless steel.They do a 6Al 4V titanium version as well (for titanium and carbon fibre frames), an aluminium one (for ally frames) and even a chrome-moly coupling. All of these are intended for new frames, not retro-fit, and they come in various sizes, to suit most frames.The couplings are produced on a Mazak Multiplex CNC lathe; one of those all-singing, all-dancing machine tools. Solid bar goes in one end, and finished couplings pop out the other. For further and more detailed information, you can visit www.alliedexperts.com. Demand is such that this particular machine churns out nothing but Bicycle Torque Couplings, as they’re also called, though the company also makes specialised machinings for all sorts of other uses, including rockets.That might explain why some people insist that Steve Smilanick is an ex-NASA engineer; he isn’t, and never has been. Incidentally, you can’t just wander into your local bike shop, buy a set of couplings and fit them yourself. S&S will only sell the parts to recognised professional frame builders (they list 100, from all over the world), which underlines just what a precision job this is. St John Street Cycles of Bridgwater fitted ours.

…ordering from new makes sense, as fitting involves stripping the frame bare and repainting it…

Strong Nerve

That’s how I found myself ensconced in SJS’s kitchen (which appears to double as a wheel- building station) with Graham Tomlinson, who has been doing bikey things in Bridgwater for nine years. ‘I started off building frames for St John Street, but now I do most of their S&S work. It’s pretty seasonal, but I suppose it averages out at one or two sets a week. Most of those, maybe 60-70%, are for tandems, and most are on new bikes rather than retro-fits.’

S&S Couplings

Brazing the couplings into place

Ordering the couplings from new makes a lot of sense, as fitting them involves stripping the frame bare and repainting it. In theory, brazing only burns the paint off either side of the coupling, but St John Street prefer to repaint (or in our case, powder coat) everything. Once you have a bare frame, it really is a case of taking a hacksaw to it in exactly the right place, and removing a short section of frame tube, though I’d say it needs a strong nerve, keen eye and steady hand. Graham, thankfully, appears to have all three.

S&S Couplings

The finished frame ready for painting and reassembly - the three connectors must be perfectly aligned in the front tubes

‘I do the tubes one at a time,’ he told me; ‘cut, then braze on the coupling.That way the frame is always held rigidly in line by a solid tube – if you tried to cut all three at once, the frame would go all over the place.’ By now we’d been joined by Kevin Sayles, St John Street’s main frame builder, who settled down, mug of tea in one hand, banana in the other. ‘The brazing can be tricky,’ he added. ‘We use 55% silver braze, and that can be contaminated by the stainless. It’s tricky, but it can be done.’ The chrome- moly couplings are TIG welded rather than brazed, the metal plated to avoid corrosion and with rubber sleeves to cover the weld, and avoid the need for repainting. It’s cheaper than the stainless steel route, but intended for fitting to new frames only.

…Once fitted and tightened up, the couplings should be stronger than the frame…

Once fitted and tightened up, the couplings should be stronger than the frame tube itself. According to Steve Smilanick, tests have shown them to be both stronger and stiffer than Reynolds 531. ‘You can jump kerbs,’ he told me, ‘race downhill on a mountain bike, carry heavy loads while touring, crash the bike etc, it’s all no problem. In ten years, we haven’t had a single failure or return.’

S&S Couplings

Brake and gear cables need to be refitted with special quick-release joints

Well, I suppose that’s what you’d expect him to say, but the S&S website is littered with testimonials from people who’ve done epic round the world trips, with no ill-effects.That appeared to be backed up by a customer we met in St John Street’s showroom: ‘They’re terrific,’ he said. ‘I’ve had them fitted to my solo bike as well as my tandem, and they don’t make any difference to the ride at all – I can’t detect any frame flex.’ He might have added that there’s little weight difference either, as each stainless coupling tips the scales at just 115g, so adding three of them to a 18kg tandem won’t turn it into an overweight lump.

…we should be OK boarding trains that have a couple of normal bike spaces…

S&S Couplings

Final assembly is a big task, involving almost as much work as building a new machine

There’s one thing you can’t do with S&S couplings, and that’s fit them to a monotube frame, like that on the Giant LaFree. (Of course, even if you could, it wouldn’t do much good on the Lafree’s oval-section tubing – I have it on good authority that oval-shaped threads don’t work very well). According to Steve Smilanick, this is because the coupling is designed to cope with tension and compression loads only, as found on a conventional frame, not the bending components to which monotubes are subjected.They will work on a monotube recumbent though, or if the frame has a structural seat tube that connects front and rear halves together.

Practicalities

So, we now have a Thorn tandem with three S&S couplings, which allow the front third of the bike to part company with the rest in about a minute.You can have two sets fitted to a tandem if you want, splitting it into three parts (like Ancient Gaul, if you know your Asterix) but for train carriage (and simplicity) we thought a two-thirds/one-third split would be enough. As it is, the big section is about as large as a conventional solo, so we should be OK boarding trains that have a couple of normal bike spaces, but won’t take tandems.

Splitting is a simple process, using the C-spanner supplied with the conversion, though of course you have to split the cables too – one just puts them on the slackest setting (lowest or highest gear, as appropriate) and unscrew the neat little threaded connectors. Putting everything back together again is a little more tricky, and you really need an accomplice to hold everything steady, but with practice the couplings go together just as you would expect greasy chunks of precision-milled stainless steel to go together.

Being stainless, they won’t corrode, and maintenance is undemanding.They do need tightening periodically, and taking apart every now and then to remove grit that may have worked its way in – water won’t do any harm, but grit will.That, and re-greasing, is just about all you need to do.As for wear, you might expect the mating teeth to get sloppy over time, but they’ve thought of that too – the teeth are tapered, with a millimetre or two of clearance at the top of each one, so as wear takes place, the faces stay in close contact.

Now all this precision engineering doesn’t come cheap. Prices start at £350 (as an extra on a new Thorn solo) and retrofits (including the full respray) are from £500. Our tandem conversion cost £650 (three tubes to split on a tandem) which included powder coating the entire frame. Sceptics might say we could have bought a couple of secondhand Bromptons for the same money, but that’s missing the point.There’s something special about riding a tandem that you don’t get from any other two-wheeler – the speed, the team working – so having all that, and being able to stick it on a train for the journey home, is very like having your cake and eating it.

Peter and Anna departed for Scotland on Saturday 31st August.
Did the couplings successfully deceive Virgin Trains? No idea, but we’ll let you know in A to B 44

Contact details

S&S UK agents Bob Jackson Cycles tel (factory) 0113 255 1144 (shop) 0113 255 9844 mail factory@bobjacksoncycles.demon.co.uk . Kinetics tel 0141 942 2552 mail UKKinetics@aol.com St John Street Cycles tel 01278 423632 mail robin@sjscycles.com . Roberts Cycles tel 0208 684 3370 mail info@robertscycles.com . For a complete list of framebuilders worldwide, see www.sandsmachine.com or mail steve@sandsmachine.com

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Ezee Sprint & Rider

The Sprint

Ezee Spring Electric BikeThe production Sprint is broadly the same as the Forza prototype we tried back in June 2003, so won’t dwell too long on the detail. Beneath the skin there’s a new power controller with larger and better cooled something- or-others, and the charger has been slightly derated to reduce overheating in that department. The headlight has changed too – it’s bigger and altogether sexier- looking, but just as feeble in practice, although a better dynamo works wonders. And in place of the bargain-basement trip computer there’s now a decent Cateye or Sigma. Also standard is a chunky centre stand, a bell, and – nice touch this – a plastic track pump and cable lock.

The seat height was a bit limited on our prototype with saddle adjustment of only 86 – 96cm, but there’s now an optional taller seat pillar, giving a height of 91 – 101cm.This comes at no extra cost, provided it has been ordered with the bike. Rather confusingly, there’s also a bigger frame, to be sold as the ‘20-inch Sprint’, which does much the same as the tall pillar without the option of reselling the bike to a short person.

The Sprint weighs 29.2kg (lighter than all but the Lafree) and the light, rigid frame now comes in a swish dark grey rather than polished alloy, but the efficient motor, nickel-metal hydride battery and suspension remain unchanged.

…we averaged 15.7mph… the fastest we’ve ever seen…

On the negative side, the rear mudguard still rattles, the saddle is big, ugly and not conducive to effective pedalling (we’ve fitted a racing saddle to ours – a great improvement), and the battery gauge and power control systems are a bit odd, of which more below.

The ‘hall-effect’ brushless motor on the Sprint is strikingly efficient. Peak power consumption is only 500 watts, but most of those watts emerge as impressive pulling power, rather than heat. On the open road, with sustained gentle pedalling, the Sprint can easily hit 18mph, and cruise for mile after mile at 16mph, consuming rather less than 250 watts in the process. It has only three hub gears, but the ratios are perfect and the gear range is all you need with such a powerful motor.

Average speed is very impressive. On our hilly range-finding course, we averaged a blistering 16.1mph, making the Sprint easily the fastest electric bike we’ve seen, although at 27.9 miles, range was a little less than we achieved last year. Perhaps that isn’t surprising.

Ezee Spring Electric Bike Front Light

Both the Sprint and Rider are impressively well equipped - note the front suspension, dynamo lights and good solid mudguards. Only the front hub motor marks this out as a Sprint

Ezee’s neat little fan-cooled charger gives a full charge in just over four hours, then reverts to a slow trickle charge. It’s worth remembering (and this applies to most chargers of this type) that the trickle charge is around ten times slower than the ‘late for work’ rate. In other words, if the charger cuts off after, say two hours (not uncommon), the battery will only be half full, but a further 25 hours at the slow rate should fill it right up.The only thing to watch is temperature – if the battery begins to get warm, disconnect it.

Thanks to the impressive range, and replacement batteries at a relatively modest £200, the Sprint costs only 6.4p per mile to run – the cheapest NiMH electric bike on the market.

Euro-farce

Like most manufacturers, Ezee has become embroiled in the electric bike Euro-farce, sending German-style pedal-sensor machines (pedelecs) to mainland Europe, and hedging their bets with twistgrip throttle plus pedal-sensor for the UK.We’re confident this is legal here, but if the European Parliament says it isn’t, so what? As we understand it, there’s some perfectly good British legislation still on the books that says it is – we didn’t fight wars for this sort of nonsense, jack boots in Whitehall, Magna Carta, etc, etc.

…perfectly good British legislation…we didn’t fight wars for this sort of nonsense…

Ezee Spring Electric Bike - Hub

The Rider - the primary difference is a bigger, heavier lead-acid battery. Note the unuseable battery lock below the frame tube

With some bikes, this pedal-assist / power-on-demand debate is of little relevance, but for the Ezee Sprint, it really matters, because these bikes have a powerful motor controlled in a rather crude way by the pedal sensor. If used in pedelec-mode, the bike won’t help you pull away (awkward on hills), then blasts off on full power after you’ve pedalled for a second or so. As long as you keep the pedals turning, there’s no way of cutting the motor (except by partially applying the brakes) and when you stop pedalling, the power keeps coming for a second or so. It’s less of a problem on long rides in open country, but inefficient, annoying and frankly dangerous, in busy town traffic. Still, that’s a problem for the Germans. UK bikes can be controlled independently with the twistgrip throttle, but the motor still whacks in as soon as you pedal.We’d recommend disconnecting the pedal movement sensor altogether – you may disagree, but don’t buy The one until you’re happy with the Sprint hub controls provided. motor – impressively

With twistgrip control alone, the efficient, but needs Sprint is transformed.You can ride without decent controls power (quite pleasant, if you can live with that dinner-plate saddle), or feed in just the number of watts you want when you want it.You can accelerate smartly out of steep side roads or on to busy roundabouts with full human power to the rear and full bike power to the front, or just troll along without pedalling if that takes your fancy. Freedom, control, safety and economy. ‘Up yours, Delors’, as The Sun might say.

Conclusion

At £850, the Sprint costs more than we’d hoped, but it’s streets ahead of most other bikes in the £800-£900 price bracket.Who in their right mind, for example, would choose a Neanderthal TGA Electrobike or an Easybike, over the Sprint? More serious competition comes from the top-of-the-range Powabyke Commuter at £845, but even here, the tables are just as one-sided – the Commuter has no front suspension, a heavy lead-acid battery, noisy old-tech motor, ten hour charge time, steel frame, no lights, no trip-computer, and so forth… For the same money, the Sprint is lighter, faster, more comfortable, better made and better equipped. In a desperate search for suitable metaphors, we’ll turn to the plains of Africa.The Powabyke is a bit of a hippopotamus – big, heavy, ugly as sin, but good for a few miles once you get it up to a canter.The Sprint is more like the wildebeest – a little classier, undoubtably better looking, and much faster, with impressive acceleration.

An easy choice? Well, not quite, because we’ve yet to mention the Lafree – arguably the gazelle of the electric bicycle world.The Lafree Comfort is £250 more expensive than the Sprint, but the basic model is only £50 more, and it has a track-record of quality, efficiency and reliability that will take some beating. For much the same money, would you choose the light, delicate base-model gazelle or chunkier top-end wildebeest? From what we’ve seen it comes down to sex, or rather, the sex of the purchaser.Women generally fall in love with the gazelle, can be persuaded to ride the wildebeest, but would rather crawl than get acquainted with a hippo. Men tend to vote the other way.

Rider

Ezee Rider Electric BikeSuperficially, the Ezee Rider is identical to the wildebeest (sorry, Sprint), with the same generous component package, but it costs only £690, and the technical spec is cruder and simpler.The neat NiMH battery has been replaced with an old-fashioned lead-acid pack, which is almost twice as large and weighs a back- breaking 13.8kg (slightly more than the Powabyke battery). Obviously an off- the-shelf purchase in China (it’s strangely familiar), the battery pack doesn’t align with the Ezee battery lock, but it’s hard to imagine someone trying to steal it anyway. An additional complication is that the larger battery necessitates a taller and more upright saddle stem, so shorter people may find the 91cm minimum too high.

In place of the Nexus hub gears, the Rider makes do with a 5-speed Shimano SIS derailleur bolted to a cheap and cheerful DC motor, and the rear Nexus roller brake is replaced with a conventional V-brake.This lot pushes the gross bicycle weight up to 37.5kg – 8.3kg more than the Sprint, but a few kilograms lighter than its main competitors.

Most bikes at this price have useless gearing, but the gear range on the Rider is 45″ to 89″, almost identical to the hub-geared Sprint.We’re told that new bikes will be fitted with the Shimano Megarange system, giving an even lower 37″ bottom gear.

With a fresh battery the Rider will bowl along at 18mph on the flat, the motor singing a cheerful rhythm with the pedal strokes in pedelec mode. It’s only really when you come to a hill that the lack of quality begins to show.The cheap derailleur has be used with care to avoid clicks and crunches, and below 10mph the motor’s effectiveness begins to wilt, despite battery-hammering power consumption of around 700 watts.

…you’ll know right away whether this blend of performance and efficiency is for you…

The 45″ bottom gear helps you do your bit, but that’s not the point surely? In practice, an electric bicycle of this kind (we’re including almost everything below £700) would struggle a bit in, say, Devon, or the Lake District, although it would make light work of nagging East Anglian headwinds, provided the hills were of the rolling kind. Shallow gradients are eaten up at impressive speed (often 14mph or more), but the bike will only just climb a 10% gradient on its own, and on steeper hills, the rider has to work increasingly hard.We cleared 14% with some fairly serious effort.

Range is much as you might expect from a large lead-acid battery and relatively inefficient motor. As on the Sprint, the fuel gauge has three LEDs – green meaning OK, occasional yellow means you’re climbing a steep hill (if you hadn’t noticed), continuous yellow means you’ve more or less had it, and red means the motor is about to conk out. In this case, the yellow light came on at 20 miles, with the motor cutting out at 25.6 miles – an average speed of 15.3mph.That’s seven miles less than we achieved with the original Forza last summer, but slightly faster.The range is better than it sounds, because the battery managed several more gentle miles after a rest.These figures are from a UK-spec bike with pedal sensor disconnected. Mileage would be at least 10% less with the sensor in place, although the dangerous aspects don’t apply to the same degree, because the Rider motor cuts in and out in a much ‘softer’ fashion than the Sprint. If you can’t, or don’t want to pedal, the Rider will maintain 15mph+ without pedal-assistance for about 18 miles, provided the country is of the undulating kind.

Fuel consumption is 19.4Wh/mile with charger and other losses included (and a good deal higher with the pedal-sensor system).That’s fairly typical, as is the running cost of 5.8p per mile. A 90% charge takes 71/2 hours, but typical of lead-acid batteries, a full charge takes quite a bit longer at a slower rate, to a total time of 10 to 12 hours.

Conclusion

The Rider is heavier and less efficient than the Sprint or Lafree, but at £690 it slots into a completely different price bracket. Up against such monsters as the Viking, the Oxygen Atala, or the 21-speed Powabyke it emerges unscathed, although the margin is less clear cut, especially against the Powabyke.The Sprint is lighter (but not by much), unarguably faster, and with similar range and running costs. It all comes down to accessories, and in this department the Rider wins without question, offering the same package as its more expensive brother.

These bikes remain relatively untried: our early sample has done something over 1,000 miles, marred by control unit and charger failure early on.These should now be sorted (but bear in mind our general warning about NiMH chargers).You’ll either love or hate the Ezee bikes and you’ll know right away whether this blend of performance and efficiency is for you. Idiosyncrasies aside, we still rate the Sprint second only to the Lafree, and in our book that makes it one of the best electric bikes around.

Specification

Ezee Sprint £850 . Weight Bicycle 23.5kg Battery 5.7kg Total 29.2kg (64lb) . Gears Nexus 3- spd hub . Ratios 46″ 62″ 85″ . Batteries NiMH . Capacity 324Wh . Max. Range27.9 miles Full charge 4hrs . Fuel Consumption Pedelec 14.4Wh/mile . Running costs 6.4p per mile

Ezee Rider £690 .Weight Bicycle 23.7kg Battery 13.8kg Total 37.5kg (83lb) . Gears Shimano SIS 5-spd . Ratios 45″ – 89″ . Batteries Lead-acid . Capacity 432Wh . Max. Range Pedelec 27 miles Motor-only 18 miles . Full charge 10-12 hours . Fuel Consumption Pedelec 19.5Wh/mile Motor-only 30Wh/mile . Running costs 5.8p per mile . Manufacturer Shanghai Ezee Kinetic Technology web www.ezeebike.com . UK distributor 50Cycles web www.50cycles.com mail tim@50cycles.com tel 020 7794 5508

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Di Blasi Trike

Di Blasi Trike

Di Blasi TrikeWe’ve never been particularly fond of the 16- inch Di Blasi bicycle. Certainly, it has a clever folding action, but at 14kg it’s on the back-breaking side of heavy, it has too many wobbly joints, and it simply doesn’t stand up in comparison to your typical Brompton or Dahon.We’ll hold fire on the newer 20-inch version, which might perform better.

For some years, the company has also produced a trike, which looks absolutely fascinating on paper. Now, at long last we can answer a few questions about the hardware. Yes, it really is a full-size trike (albeit with 16-inch wheels), and yes, it really does fold into a Brompton-style package in a matter of seconds. Of course, there have to be a few compromises with something this complex, and at £800, is this really a viable product?

Folding & unfolding

Even experienced engineers will marvel at the Di Blasi trike.We can’t begin to explain what individual rods, linkages and hinges do, but fold the pedals and release a catch down by the saddle stem, and the back of the machine folds inward and curls up, like a frightened hedgehog. Release a second catch on the handlebar stem and the front folds forward and in, allowing the front wheel to disappear between the rear wheels. If you wait long enough with a saucer of milk, it might come out again.

The process is wonderful to watch, and results in a rectangular package sitting neatly on its rack, and a crowd of oohing and ahhing spectators. Even more remarkably, this rectangular block that was once a tricycle measures only 27cm wide, 62cm long and 66cm high.That’s 111 litres, or if you prefer (as we do), 3.9 cubic feet. So, yes, this large tricycle has wound up smaller than almost any folding bicycle you care to mention, with the exception (narrowly) of the Brompton.

…Even experienced engineers will marvel at the Di Blasi trike…

Is it easy to do? In theory you just push a couple of levers, but there are a few pitfalls for the unwary. The front wheel must be pointing forward, or it can jam as it tries to rise (or fall?) between the rear wheels, and if you don’t start with the pedal cranks in a vertical plane, everything can get fouled up. Otherwise, yes, it is very easy. And, if anything, unfolding is easier – the machine just sort of flips out, and provided the catches have re- engaged and the pedals have popped out, you can ride straight off.

Di Blasi TrikeAnd now, having got enthusiasts for folding and metamorphosing things all steamed up with excitement, we must qualify the more amazing bits.Try lifting the trike, and you’ll discover that it’s a lot heavier than a Brompton – 20.2kg to be precise (Di Blasi, rather unnecessarily, suggest 21kg), whereas a typical folding bike weighs 12kg or so, which most people can manage, at least over short distances.Twenty plus kilograms really is too heavy for the older or frailer folk who might want a trike. A young, able-bodied person might be able to carry it, or lower it into a car boot for you, but on your own, you’ll be stuck.We found a lightweight sack-truck useful for moving the Di Blasi about, but this won’t negotiate steps. Di Blasi do sell a neat bag with a shoulder strap that would make carrying easier and give some disguise on the bus.

Di Blasi TrikeStrangely, few concessions have been made to weight. Besides the cranks and wheels rims, the trike is almost entirely steel (even the rack) and some of the joints and brackets are pretty chunky.We think a weight of 15kg would be feasible with better use of materials, although this would obviously cost more.

Back with the good news, you can take the Di Blasi just about anywhere. Folding bicycles are allowed on all trains and most buses these days, but trikes are more or less universally banned.Technically, the Di Blasi is banned too, but we just walked aboard. Like a Brompton, the folded Di Blasi is both train and bus-friendly, but you need to plan your journey to avoid stepped bridges and long corridors, and it’s a good idea not to let the bus driver count the wheels…

Riding

Di Blasi Trike Headset

A profusion of joints and rods around the headset

Di Blasi Trike derailleur

The derailleur drives to the left wheel. Note the universal joint - this allows the drive shaft to fold up

The first special obstacle with the Di Blasi is single (left) wheel drive, which allows the trike to manoeuvre with great dexterity to the right, but rather hinders things when turning left.Try to pull away in what might be termed a spirited manner, and the drive wheel loses adhesion and slips like mad. Perhaps surprisingly, the Di Blasi has a relatively wide track, at a shade over 67cm, but it’s still narrow enough to lift an inside wheel on corners and adverse cambers, and (provided you lift the unpowered right wheel) you can ride for some distance in two-wheel mode. Incidentally, we’d suggest deliberately finding these limits somewhere soft and car-free before riding any trike in anger. Once you’ve got it on two wheels, you’ll begin to get a feel for avoiding it in future.

All this applies to any trike with two wheels at the back.The Di Blasi exhibits a few oddities of its own, against more traditional trikes.The wheelbase is a bit short, which can make the ride a bit choppy and nervous, and there’s a degree of free play in the numerous linkages and pivots that make the thing fold so wonderfully.This results in wheel track and camber angles that are only nominally correct most of the time, and some slightly odd handling traits, plus a few clicking, clonking and squeaking noises on the move. At very low speed, none of this matters, but you wouldn’t really want to ask too much of the machine at speed.

Unless you’re into leaning out, motorcycle sidecar style, cornering has to be a rather sedate affair, and there are more surprises in store when it comes to stopping. Bikes and trikes are obliged to have two independent braking systems, but the Di Blasi (quite legally) has both systems on the front wheel – drum brake on the right and band brake (plus a useful parking lock) on the left. In a straight line, the brakes do a reasonable job – .42G from the rather ‘woolly’ drum and .52G from a powerfully self-servo band brake (see A to B 42). But a crash stop with the band brake leaves the front wheel scrabbling for grip. Use both levers and the trike will stand on its front wheel, which can be most exhilerating.We managed a respectable stop of .63G with all three wheels just on the ground.

…Use both levers and the trike will stand on its front wheel… On a corner, forget it

On a corner, forget it.There you are, spinning cheerfully down a steep curvaceous road, and a car pulls out in front.Your only hope of braking and staying upright is to pull up in a straight line because any sort of panic brake application while cornering will flip the trike over. In marked contrast, braking on snow and ice would instantly lock the front wheel, resulting in no brakes or steering at all.

Di Blasi Trike Drum Brake

Two independent braking systems - band brake behind and drum brake in front

In reality, you won’t be spinning, leaning or flipping, the Di Blasi, because it’s not meant for high speed.This is a suburban shopping and commuting trike, with seven derailleur gears giving a range from 23 to 50-inches. Normally, we’d say that was laughably low, but in this case, a 50-inch gear is quite high enough, giving a top speed in the region of 10mph, which is adequate for its intended use. Higher gears and speeds would be dangerous, and lower gears would be impractical, because when climbing a steep hill in first, the front wheel tends to skid to the right with each pedal stroke, as the single driven wheel pushes the trike sideways. If you stand out of the pedals to put some extra weight over the front wheel, the left driven wheel just skids (see acceleration).

For those who still want to ride long distances at speed on a folding trike, it might just be possible to fit 349mm wheels and Primo tyres, and the little Shimano Capreo derailleur set would give some nice high ratios.

This is all hypothetical, of course.The vast majority of Di Blasi trikes find homes with little old ladies looking for safe, ride-to-the- shops transport, and provided you don’t do anything silly, it does this very well.The narrow track allows the machine to nip along surprisingly narrow pavements, and once at Sainsbury’s, the small wheels and short wheelbase help it manoeuvre into all sorts of corners, the trike easily turning (to the right, at least) in its own length. If you are up to looking suitably frail and harmless, you could probably get away with riding through pedestrianized areas banned to bikes and thus – like Aesop’s hare – reach the door of the supermarket before the motorist has parked, and the cyclist has chained his bike to a stand down the mall.This is where the Di Blasi really wins – it can get away with doing most of the things a disabled trike can do, and sprint home with the bacon at 10mph. And don’t be too concerned about all the talk of flipping, rolling and skidding.We showed the Di Blasi to an experienced trike user and she was impressed, so as trikes go, it’s clearly not particularly unstable.

…Within days, the lovely chromey bell had shrugged off most of its chrome like dandruff

Equipment

Considering how tiny the package folds, the Di Blasi trike is exceptionally well equipped. Full mudguards in chromed steel (weight no object, once again), a halogen dynamo lighting set, attractive chrome-plated bell and a substantial rack.This measures 28cm by 45cm and sits more or less over the rear wheels, so it should carry a good load. We rode for some miles with Alexander on the back; this low-slung 20kg human load actually improving the stability.The maximum recommended load (rider plus luggage) is 100kg, so we would have no qualms about putting 30 or 40kg on the rack, or better still, slung from panniers either side. Any weight here would tend to make the bike more stable and improve the grip.

Passengers are a no-no, officially at any rate.The rack is fabricated from cross, rather than longitudinal bars, so a conventional rack-mounted child seat will not fit. Di Blasi make no recommendation for carrying children, but we think the trike makes a jolly good platform for that sort of thing.We’d suggest a side-facing child seat, although it would need a quick release mount if you don’t want to compromise the easy foldability.

As with too many Italian products, the Di Blasi is rather let down by the quality of some components.Within days, the lovely chromey bell had shrugged off most of its chrome like dandruff, and some of the threaded components seem to be made of putty. Unusually the headset is a plain bearing, which might cause problems after a while, and other silly things spoil the look of the trike, like the Di Blasi letters on the frame, which peeled off before our eyes. Elsewhere, particularly for safety-related items, the finish and general quality seems to be very good.We managed to bend one of the chain links, but suspect this occurred whilst folding, as the chain is obliged to do some odd things.

Reader Denise Rayner (see box) tells us that the ubiquitous Selle San Marco saddle fitted to the trike is particularly uncomfortable in, shall we say, a critical area. Unfortunately, it’s welded into a special cradle to suit the twin seat tubes, so fitting an alternative would be difficult. Saddle height is adjustable between 83 and 96cm, locked by two quick releases at a choice of four heights, at least one of which should suit most people. if you want a custom setting, the tubes can be drilled, but there’s no escaping those maximum and minimum heights. Height adjustment should be easy, but the tubes tend to jam on the lower settings, which can be very annoying. Handlebars are fixed at 100cm – a bit upright for some, but then wind resistance shouldn’t be a great problem at 10mph.

Reader’s Experience Denise Rayner “Suffering from MS, I needed a trike.The Di Blasi is heavy – lifting it into the car was difficult, but manageable. Riding made me nervous at first, but within three minutes I was whizzing round our local park, and I ended up doing 12 circuits – about three miles. I was ecstatic to achieve 12mph. Like anything else, folding is easy when you know how, but because I was tired I found it very hard. I haven’t used the trike as much as I would like because I really need a ‘Bike Buddy’ to ride with.” (Anyone willing to share gentle rides in London can contact Denise at sunray7@blueyonder.co.uk)

Conclusion

What can we say? Trikes are rare enough anyway, and this compact folding version is probably unique. Ride two-up and you get cheery waves from Hell’s Angels on motor tricycles, while car-drivers – barely familiar with bicycles in most cases – just stare open- mouthed. In some ways, you have to be a bit of an exhibitionist to ride something like this, but you don’t necessarily have to look or feel like a complete banana, as we willingly do in, on, and sometimes under the more unusual forms of A to B transport.

If you have the space, a Powabyke electric trike costs the same, and does much the same things, with the bonus of whizzing up hills. On the other hand, if you need a compact folding trike, the Di Blasi is the best (and only) member of its class…

Specification

Di Blasi folding trike £800 . Weight 20.2kg . Gears Monsoon 7-spd . Ratios 23″ – 50″ Folded Dimensions H66cm W27cm L62cm . Folded Volume 111 litres (3.9 cu ft) . Test Duration 30 miles . Manufacturer Di Blasi web www.diblasi.it . UK Importer Concept Edge web www.conceptedge.co.uk mail info@conceptedge.co.uk tel 01895 850455

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A to B 42

atob-42-coverA slightly unusual issue this time because we’re overwhelmed with bikes.This has meant squeezing out The Mole (no doubt back on full form for the next issue) and much else has been cropped to make room, but with so much fascinating hardware around, we guessed you’d rather we cut the waffle and made space available.

We continue to live through momentous times. Oil prices have peaked in recent weeks, on the mere suggestion that supplies from Saudi Arabia might be disrupted. And here in the UK, the hint of a few pence on a gallon has brought the threat of another road blockade. Meanwhile, we’ve been branded the fattest, or perhaps it’s the fastest-growing fat nation in Europe (maybe on earth), as we continue to exercise less and drive more…Where will it all end? Whatever’s coming, it’s just as well to be prepared, and that’s what A to B is all about.

A to B 42 Index

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Letters – A to B 42 – 150mm cranks . Brompton . GoBike . Peak Oil . ScotRail

Peaking Early?

Martin Snelus comments on concerns over oil in A to B 41.When I went to school in the ‘60s I never expected to be able to drive a car – oil was going to run out before I reached driving age. When I was at University in the 1970s and went through the oil shock, I never thought I’d own my own car because the oil was going to run out before I had a job and could afford one.We even had petrol rationing in the ‘70s because the end was so close. All my life there have been pundits predicting the imminent end of the oil age.That oil reserves are ultimately finite and will run out is undeniable and we should therefore husband them wisely. And if the pundits keep predicting the imminent end, eventually one of them will be right and be able to say I told you so.Whether David Goodstein and Paul Roberts are those pundits, or just more joining the long line of failed pundits, I don’t know.The current concerns and the pundits rushing to press seems once more better correlated to Western concerns about Middle Eastern politics than geology.

Meanwhile I will continue to cycle and drive a thrifty car to preserve whatever oil there is left.

Tony Raven
Royston, Hertfordshire

Quite right too, but the situation really is different now, because the supply/demand equation is much more finely balanced than it was in the 1960s or ‘70s. As recent events have shown, the very suspicion that supplies might be reduced is enough to cause global panic.The oil doesn’t need to actually run out, just run down by a few per cent. Like Global Warming, Peak Oil may only be verifiable when it’s too late to do anything about it. (Eds)

Folder Friendly or Noo?

There appears to be some confusion about ScotRail’s carriage of folding bikes.The National Rail Guide sponsored by Brompton states ‘Folding cycles are carried free without restriction’, while A to B’s own website says of ScotRail: ‘There are no special restrictions on folding bikes’. On the other hand, the leaflet displayed at ScotRail’s own stations says: ‘Cycles completely folded down and enclosed in a container or case throughout the journey are carried on all services and do not need a reservation.’ To complicate matters further, when I emailed ScotRail for clarification, a customer care assistant responded that folding bikes were treated exactly the same as other bikes and would need reservations on relevant services – mostly those north of the Central Belt. On a recent trip between Inverness and Aberdeen with my Bike Friday I did not dare put the matter to the test and reserved one of the two bike spaces available per train. Any other readers’ experiences?

Roderick Clyne
London

The ‘must be enclosed in a container or case’ clause dates back many years and has rather annoyingly been kept on the books by a minority of train operators looking for an excuse to evict folding bikes.This restriction is never applied to our knowledge, but do beware – if you attempt to travel on a packed commuter train with a big, oily, uncovered, and nominally folded bike, the guard may quote the rule. However, Scotrail is bound by the wording in the current ATOC/Brompton national leaflet, and if this states no restrictions, there are no restrictions. For a larger machine, such as a part-folded Bike Friday, some sort of cover would be a courtesy on a busy train, but not an obligation. ScotRail has failed to respond to our request for clarification. (Eds)

Planning Permissible?

Bikeaway Bicycle LockerI am looking for a lockable secure housing for our bikes which can be bolted to the front of our house. I found a company that sold such objects through your advertisements but can no longer locate the company. Could you help?

Manuel Alvarado
London

Perhaps surprisingly, Sustrans does not keep a list of recommended suppliers, but its town planning consultant Chris Dent adds that a front garden bike locker could fall foul of the planning rules if it exceeds a height of one metre. Anyone thinking of doing the same would be well advised to have a friendly chat with their local planning officer before investing in a large structure.

One of the best suppliers is BikeAway Ltd, Bell Close, Newnham Industrial Estate, Plympton, Plymouth, Devon PL7 4JH.Tel: 01752 202116, fax: 01752 202117, web: www.bikeaway.com and email: info@bikeaway.com BikeAway’s individual lockers are widely used by railway companies and local authorities and cost £460 each plus VAT – quite a lot, but it’s a substantial product that should protect your bike(s) for years to come. (Eds)

Some Answers and a lot more Questions

In A to B 41 Malcolm Mort asks if anyone knows of a source of good quality 150mm cranks. Chris Bell of Highpath Engineering will shorten cranks for about £36 including postage.The smallest practicable amount of shortening is 20mm, so 170s can be shortened to 150mm. I noticed Mike Burrows states that he now, ‘runs 150 cranks on all his bikes’. I suspect he has shortened his existing 170s. Regarding the benefit to knees of shorter cranks, what is it that can damage knees? Is it the angle through which the joint moves, or is it the largest angle of bend? Or both! Saddle height is relevant in this matter. If your saddle is low, then the angle of bend – from straight – will be large, even with short cranks.

In The Complete Book of Bicycling, Greg Lemond reckons most people – including professional cyclists – have their saddle too low. He reckons we should position the saddle as high as is comfortable, ride for a while until we are used to it, then raise it a little more, and repeat the process. Another factor affecting the knee joint angular movement is how much, if at all, we ‘ankle’. Using the ankles can make a considerable difference to the effective length of the cranks and consequently how much the knee joint rotates.

I am trying 157.5mm cranks and have noticed that I do not ankle as much as I do with 170s. Is there any evidence that long cranks can cause knee joint damage? I know from experience that long cranks can be uncomfortable and make it impossible to get a smooth pedalling action, but whether this would cause damage is another matter.Where do the figures come from in the published inside leg/crank length tables? Perhaps none of this matters now that it has been demonstrated that crank length does not affect power output?

Mike Lenton Kirby-in-Furness, Cumbria

Holy Matrimony

Brompton foldedWe were rather chuffed to find a handy padlock that fits snugly on the ever-faithful Brompton, disappearing inside the frame when the bike is unfolded. It is called Wedlock and is made by Specialized. We bought it here in Switzerland from a mail-order shop called Véloplus (www.veloplus.ch), but it may well be available elsewhere now. It obviously adds a bit of weight to the bike, but we have found it rather nifty. It folds out like a concertina and is great for securing the bike to likely-looking poles when it is not feasible to carry the bike inside (although I am getting quite shameless – my Brompton enjoyed its first trip to the cinema recently, as well as happily shopping in supermarket trolleys, on the strength of A to B’s advice!)

Juliet Fall
Geneva, Switzerland

Our advice is to avoid locking up your Brompton at all costs, particularly in London and the southeast of England, where thieves are aware of the secondhand value of the bikes. A kindly bike shop will generally agree to put the machine behind the counter for a small remuneration, and if your local shop refuses, let us know! However, for those who cannot avoid parking in town, a fitted lock seems a worthwhile investment.The Wedlock is available from a number of UK mail-order outlets for around £50. (Eds)

Thanks Ken!

Brompton on a busThis winter I have been using the Brompton and bus to get to work. At £1, it’s a lot cheaper than the £3.80 rail fare from Redhill to Croydon. The luggage rack could be almost purpose-built for a Brompton. Another advantage is there are no steps up and down from the platform.

The bus is slower, but overall the time is much the same because the route is more suitable and stops near(ish) to my destination. I use the route 405 which is a London bus, hence the £1 fare for cash.

Andrew J Holland
Redhill, Surrey

Modern low-floor buses are a great advance, with plenty of flexible space for luggage, including folding bikes. As a general rule, we still recommend covering your bike on the bus (at least, until you get to know the drivers) because a bus driver has the right to arbitrarily refuse luggage he doesn’t like the look of.Thanks are also due, once again, to His Holiness Ken Livingstone for revitalising London’s transport. (Eds)

GoBike Gone?

Go-bike Folding BikeI am looking for a good folding bike in the 20-inch size for longer trips (I commute 14 miles every day, plus train, with a Brompton, but the ride is a bit too far some days… I read about a folding bike today that I haven ìt seen or heard about before. It does not appear to be listed in your website Buyer’s Guide or Price List? So, I am wondering if it’s a brand new thing, or is there really nothing new in the biking world? It looks really cool and it is called GoBike. It seems to be Canadian, and can be found at www.legroupego.com

Nils Hoglund
Sweden

Similar in many respects to the Birdy, the GoBike is indeed made in Canada.The manufacturers agreed to let us have a test sample when European sales commenced.We were told this would be happen when a cheap manufacturing deal had been struck in the Far East, but the GoBike project has since gone strangely quiet. Anyone know more? (Eds)

On the Case

My wife bought a Dahon Helios last year on your recommendation. She is pleased with it and would like to buy a hardcase for it, primarily to protect it from rough handling when travelling by air. Do you know of any firms who market a suitable case? The folded size of the Helios is quoted as 32cm x 66cm x 84cm.

John K T Fyfe
Edinburgh

You’ll be delighted to hear that Dahon UK has recently sourced the ‘Airporter’, a hardcase with internal padding and ‘bomb-proof ’ in-line skate wheels.They claim it fits all 16″ and 20″ wheel Dahon bikes, and will carry their 26″ machines with the wheels removed.The Airporter costs £169.99 from www.world-wheels.co.uk (Eds)

Small Point

One very small point. Moles eat worms not insects.They are therefore carnivores.

Stephen Slaughter
Horley, Surrey

Our proof-reading team points out that ‘Mammals in Britain & Europe’ classifies the mole as an insectivore. If mistaken, they will be fed to a family of weasels. (Eds)

Better in Germany

After reading your article on the Puky child bike (A to B 41), we thought you might be interested to know about the child’s bike we bought in Germany for our daughter Jasmine, now six years old.The bike is a copy of the Puky Z8, but cheaper (it cost us the Euro equivalent of £75) with slightly cheaper components. However, it comes with a bell, propstand, rack, front and rear reflectors (not lights), comfortable saddle, enclosed chain case, ‘crash pad’ on the handlebars, etc. It also has a back-pedal brake – Jasmine took a few minutes to get used to this, but now seems OK.The make is indeterminate, but it’s definitely manufactured in Germany and not Taiwan! The only name on it is ‘ErlKonig’.

The downside is that you have to go to Germany to buy it! We bought ours at a little bike shop in Baden Baden while on holiday, and the shop agreed to post it to us for the equivalent of £25, so we didn’t have to wrestle it on and off trains and planes.

There are many similar bikes in Germany, and if travelling as a tourist, you could probably fly home with one. Whether you could pay for your holiday with the saving is another matter – but it might be fun trying!

Fiona Le Ny
Folkestone

Multi-gear Brommies

Thanks for the information on fitting 12/18-tooth sprockets to the Brompton 6-speed (A to B 31).There was an excellent article in the Cyclists Touring Club magazine about a year ago on fitting a front mech to the Brompton, giving a double chainring and a greater range of gears. Perhaps a kit based on this would be useful?

A wider Brompton frame would accommodate the 8-speed Sturmey hub with drum brake – the only snag I can see is the decrease in efficiency (weight is not a big problem for me as I do not carry the bike often). Our local buses are low-floor Optare vehicles and I often wheel the Brompton on without even folding it. It fits well in the wheelchair space.

David Greensmith
Clunbury, Shropshire

A front changer can bring all sorts of chain-tension and clearance problems on the Brompton, so for the small increase in gear range we wouldn’t recommend it. By contrast, a 6-speed rear sprocket swap is easy, cheap and relatively snag-free.The 13/17-tooth option is straightforward but offers a limited range, while 12/17, 13/18 and (best of all) 12/18-tooth upgrades can be fiddly, but are well worth the effort. For parts and advice, we’d recommend contacting London hub gear experts Bicycle Workshop (020 7229 4850). (Eds)

Junior Electrics

Giant Lafree SportMy son has just turned 14, and I am thinking of buying an electric bicycle for him to use to get to school (seven miles of country lanes, including a steep hill both ways); to town (four miles of the same); to after-school sports and to visit friends. I know very little about this form of transport and would appreciate some advice.

SensibleOur criteria are safety and reliability, along with the capacity (in terms of both power and space) to carry substantial bags of books/files and/or sports kit (including, if possible, racquets/bats).We also need to know about re-charging the batteries (the school run is six days a week and includes late evenings). Oh yes, and if it looked a bit cool, that would be a bonus! What we really need is a Which? magazine type guide to electric bikes.

Diana Birkett
Albury, Surrey

Electric bikes can, indeed, be ridden by children of 14 and over, although this big potential market seems to have been almost entirely ignored. Looking cool is probably the biggest problem though, because that’s one thing most of these bikes will never be. However, there are one or two exceptions, notably the Tornado (£745 from Eco-Bike, tel 020 8839 9700) and the EV range (see page 14 – up to £1,300 from Powerscoots, tel 0870 606 7788).

We’d like to recommend the Giant Lafree Sport, but this sensibly-engineered, cleanly-styled cruiser is not yet available in the UK (although you might consider lobbying Giant UK on 0115 977 5900). An alternative would be to find a suitably cool donor bike and add an electric motor. One of the best kits is the Electro-Drive (£365 from E-go, tel 07974 723996).

For a mini-review of the key machines, visit our (under-utilised) Electric Buyer’s Guide at www.atob.org.uk

Most decent electric bikes should manage up to 20 hilly miles, provided they get a good overnight charge. School and back, plus town and back without an intermediate charge would be marginal for some, but the answer to that would be a school top-up. Even less likely than undercover parking you’d think, but worth asking, nonetheless. (Eds)

Giant Lafree Sport – cool, but sensible

Bolero

Re the ‘Final Word’ item on Brompton wrist strain (A to B 41, page 25), I can heartily recommend the stubby bar ends from Avon Valley Cycles.There is a note in my 1998 End-to-End journal which says, ‘The bar ends are to the Brompton what Bo Derek is to Ravel’s Bolero’.

Bob Hutton
Nailsea, North Somerset

The Final Word

In which you get your say… briefly

Hard hitting but humorous . Better than New Labour! The best magazine I receive! I get very twitchy when A to B is due .Avidly read, totally enjoyed and used for reference. Bizarrely (since I don’t have a folding bike) this is my favourite magazine . Never fails to delight . I like the style! Well balanced . Interesting and readable . Consistently excellent Refreshingly irreverent, independent and bold, yet humble enough to admit when wrong Any chance of going monthly? A compact and competent transport forum . Excellent – less technical stuff at last! I like the technical content . Hold the cynicism and bring back the railway guy [from his partner] . Needs to be bigger with dedicated sections [A to B] deserves a far higher readership and a long-awaited award . Light at the end of a fume-filled tunnel . I can’t live without it . Luv it, luv it, luv it! Keep it quirky!

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Hope Mono Disc Brake

Which bicycle brake system?

Which brake system?

Professor Pivot“A to B 41 was interesting, as always, but I’m a bit confused by Martin Fillan’s comment (Letters, A to B 40) about grease leaking onto brake drum linings and his suggestion about using a roller brake.What exactly is a roller brake? Is it better than a drum? And is it easier to replace? I can’t find one in the Sturmey catalogue, so whose is it and how much extra will it weigh?”

John Burnett
Swindon

Brakes are a fascinating subject, long neglected by this august publication. Broadly speaking, the problem faced by engineers since the invention of the wheel has been to produce a simple, tough device capable of transposing a large but weak hand or foot movement into a small but powerful force to push against a rotating body and slow its progress.The brake then needs to dissipate the considerable amount of heat generated – something that few bicycle brakes are very good at.The following devices are all available today to retard the progress of bicycles… Some more successfully than others:

1. Caliper brake

Alhongo Dual Pivot calliper brakes

The Alhonga dual-pivot caliper. More complex than some, but the principle is the same - two arms, one attached to the brake cable and the other to the cable sleeve.The wheel rim is clamped between the two brake shoes

Long outmoded on motor vehicles, a caliper brake (sometimes called a side-pull) consists of a pair of curved arms or calipers pivoting somewhere beneath the headset bearings, with ‘blocks’ of friction material at their lower extremities. By the action of a pull rod, push bar, or more usually a flexible cable these days, the friction blocks are moved towards each other, squeezing the two outer faces of the wheel rim in the process.

The caliper is light and cheap, because the rotating element is already in place, but being completely exposed to the elements, it is badly effected by rain, grease, oil and grit. Different calipers and brake blocks are affected in different ways, but the most important element is the frictional co-efficient of the wheel rim material. Chromed steel lasts for ever, and works very well when dry, but loses most of its stopping ability in the wet. Aluminium is less effective in the dry, but relatively good in the wet, making it a safer material overall. Unfortunately, aluminium rims can wear away quite fast, especially on small-wheeled bikes.

The quality of the brake ‘feel’ depends largely on the friction material and the construction of the caliper. Poor calipers bend and distort when the brake is applied, giving a rubbery feel at the lever and/or judder or squeal.

Calipers are notoriously difficult to centre correctly, which can leave one brake block rubbing against the rim, and a wobbly rim will cause one or both blocks to rub intermittently. Generally, the rim disposes of heat quite successfully, but heat build-up can be a problem on long descents, particularly for heavily-laden or small-wheeled bikes. Excessive heat in the rim can cause tube failure and a catastrophic blow-out.

2. Band brake

Band Brake

Band brake principles. Friction between the tethered band and rotating drum tends to slow the drum’s progress

A long-outmoded Edwardian technology, the band brake is nevertheless worth mentioning because these devices do still turn up in the rear wheels of Chinese bicycles once in a while. A band brake utilises a flexible band of friction material, firmly fastened at one end and wrapped loosely round a rotating steel drum.When the band is pulled tight by a lever, it wraps tightly around the drum, slowing its progress.This tendency for the brake to apply itself without undue effort from the rider is known as ‘self servo’.The bad news is that the effect usually disappears in reverse, so a band brake will not stop you running backwards down a hill…

Band brakes are cheap, low-tech devices, but the negative aspects go on forever.With the drum inside the band, there’s nowhere for heat to go, and being difficult to protect from the elements, water can slosh straight in, resulting in a near total loss of braking effort. Brake bind, shriek and squeal can be a problem too, especially after a good soaking.

3. Drum or hub brakes

More correctly an ‘internal expanding shoe’ brake.This was the standard motorcar and motorcycle brake for most of this century until superseded by cheap reliable discs, and remains a favourite on hard-used and/or heavy bicycles. The general layout is two curved aluminium blocks or ‘shoes’ faced with friction material, both pivoting at the same point, and pushed outward at the other end by a cam of some kind, to make contact with a metal (usually steel) drum. Like the band brake, drums exhibit a self servo action – the leading shoe tending to be drawn harder into contact with the drum, whilst the trailing shoe tends to be pushed away, and visa versa in reverse. A variant common on older motorcycles and cars was known as ‘twin leading shoe’ – much more effective going forwards, but virtually useless in reverse (see band brake).

Drums can be heavy, although much of the weight penalty is negated where the brake is combined with a hub gear, and modern manufacturing techniques can reduce the weight significantly.The shoes are largely immune from contamination, but internal and external sealing arrangements can be a bit crude. Sealing problems between the gear and brake components of a hub can result in grease contamination, which can ruin the shoes, and poor external sealing can allow water in, although this generally requires total immersion.Wet friction shoes lose most of their effect, and as they start to dry, a violent self-servo action can result in brake snatch and squeal.

Hub brakes are not good at dissipating heat, but they make do by transferring it into the substantial mass of the hub in the short term, where it can safely radiate away when the descent is over. If a good quality drum does overheat, it should gently ‘fade’, or become less effective until cooled. Adjustment is rarely required once the shoes have bedded in, and the progressive action and ‘feel’ of a hub brake beats most other types.

Drum brake exploded diagram. Left to right: back plate (fixed pivot above, moving pivot and lever below), brake shoes faced with friction material and steel drum.This is the Sturmey Archer ‘BR’ of 1932 – it survived, effectively unchanged, for 70 years

4. Back-pedal or coaster

coaster-brake

Simplified coaster brake diagram. Left to right: brake arm and hub dust cap (fixed to bicycle frame), brake shoe segments, brake actuator, rotating hub shell. Back pedalling drives the actuator into the shoes, forcing them against the inside of the hub shell

Rare in Britain, but common elsewhere, the coaster is usually combined with a hub gear. Pedal backwards and a metal cone slides through the hub, pushing metal brake segments against the rotating hub shell. Operation can be a bit insensitive, with a lack of feel, although hubs vary. Being grease filled, a coaster brake is more or less immune from contamination. It also has no exposed levers and cables to go wrong, requires no adjustment, and lasts more or less for ever. Like the drum brake, heat dissipation relies on warming the hub on a descent, then allowing the heat to escape. In extremis, localised heating from the metal-on-metal contact can boil away the grease or even weld parts together, although I have never heard of this on a bicycle.

5. Cantilever and V-brake

Similar rim-squeezing action to the caliper, but the force is provided by two vertical arms, pivoting at the bottom and brought together by a cable pulling the top of the arms together.The only real difference between the cantilever and V- is in the way the cable pulls the arms. In both types, the brake blocks are mounted some way down the arms in order to gain a degree of mechanical advantage.

V-brakes have become the braking system of choice because they’re light and crudely effective in operation. Problems are as for the caliper brake – water and oil contamination, rim wear, difficulty with centring and heat build-up on long descents. Cheap V-brakes can be unpredictably fierce in operation, so many feature pressure limiting devices of various kinds (usually fitted in the cable) to prevent the front wheel from locking up. Other problems include squeal on cheaper units, judder, and frame or fork distortion when the brake is applied. On the positive side,V-brakes are simple to maintain.

6. Roller brake

Nexus Roller Brake

Diagrammatic view of Nexus roller brake. Force from the brake lever is applied through the operating lever (top) to the central cam.The cam pushes the rollers out against brake shoe segments, forcing them into contact with a rotating drum, integral (in some designs) with a cooling disc

Like so much else in the bicycle world, the roller brake is a Shimano invention, or re-invention. Combining elements of the drum, coaster and disc brake, the friction effect comes from steel rollers which are forced outward by a cam, pushing metal shoes against a rotating steel drum. Heat build-up can be a problem, but most designs incorporate a cooling disc, just like a ‘proper’ disc brake. Brake feel can be unpleasantly ‘woolly’ and vague compared to other types, and the shoes can make nasty metal-on-metal noises unless well greased.That’s also the good news, because water and oil won’t make much headway into a grease-packed unit.

7. Disc brake

Hope Mono Disc Brake

The Hope Mono Mini bicycle disc brake. High pressure fluid pushes a piston against a friction pad, forcing it into the disc. Most brake assemblies contain two (or more) opposing pistons, but here the caliper ‘floats’, allowing a fixed friction pad to contact the back of the disc

This brake generally utilises a pair of friction pads, which are forced against opposite sides of a steel disc. Heat does build up in the disc (they can glow cherry red on a hard-driven racing car, or after stopping a high speed train), but the disc is well exposed, so heat is rapidly dissipated and fade is rare. Disc brakes have become the preferred means of de-acceleration on just about every wheeled vehicle, from aircraft to trains, cars and motorcycles. Progress in the bicycle world has been limited, mainly because the disc brake lends itself to hydraulic operation, which can add weight and complication. Pads may also bind slightly in the ‘off’ position, which can be frustrating on a fractional horsepower vehicle. Early bicycle discs were heavy, ineffective in the wet and noisy, but these problems have been largely eliminated by reducing the disc to a delicate tracery of struts.

In answer to the question, it isn’t easy to convert a bicycle to roller brakes because the Shimano Nexus system will fit only a Shimano hub. But if you have a Sturmey Archer or SRAM-equipped bike, there’s really no need – an upgrade to hub brakes is generally quite easy (not on smaller bikes like the Brompton, unfortunately). In practice, few roller, drum, coaster or disc brakes work badly enough to be worth changing.

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giant-lafree-comfort-st-power-consumption

Giant Lafree Comfort ST

Giant Lafree Comfort ST Electric BikeA little under three years ago, Giant revealed the Lafree Lite, raising the stakes in the electric bicycle world overnight.This quietly understated machine was quite simply Light Years ahead of the opposition. At 22.2kg, it was lighter than almost everything else, yet it was well equipped, and offered a reasonable 20-mile range. Crucially, it was also a really nice bicycle to ride, either assisted or with the motor turned off. A year later, the Lite was joined by the Comfort – £200 more expensive, but complete with decent brakes, automatic halogen lights, front suspension forks and a suspension seatpost.

…it seems Giant didn’t so much choose the 5-speed option as jump ship…

We were less complimentary about the Comfort, principally because it weighed an extra 3.1kg.Those reservations didn’t stop us buying one, though, and 3,000 miles later, we’re still delighted with our load-carrier, winter school run transport and shopper.The bike continues to do well and – incidentally – has run almost entirely on solar power since early March (see A to B 36 and 37).

One mild criticism has involved the gearing: 3-speed Nexus hub on the Lite and 4- speed Nexus on the Comfort. Both hubs have the same 184% range, giving a bottom gear of about 45″. In practice, that’s low enough to climb most gradients and haul some impressive loads, but we’ve been defeated once or twice. Long 16% (1 in 6) slogs are just manageable, but not with a trailer in tow.

Enter the 5-speed

Giant Lafree Comfort ST Electric Bike - SRAM 5-speed hub

SRAM 5-speed hub. Note the all-enveloping chaincase and the gear adjustment can be checked through the little perspex dome

It seems Giant didn’t so much choose the 5- speed option, as jump ship for one of the few suitable replacements, as Shimano has given notice that production of the 4-speed Nexus hub is to cease.We have mixed feelings about this – the 4- speed was a heavy and rather unsophisticated lump, but it forgave all selector ‘click box’. Gear sorts of abuse and was particularly well suited to electric drives, which can put out a lot of power, sometimes whilst you’re in mid gearchange…

There are two suitable replacements; the recently back-in-production Sturmey Archer 5-speed, and SRAM’s P5, latest version of the elderly Pentasport. In the event, Giant went for the German hub rather than the home product (like most Giant bikes, Sturmeys are now made in Taiwan), perhaps because the SRAM offers a whopping 251% range, against the Sturmey 5-speed’s 225%.That’s much broader than the 184% of the Nexus 4-speed, and the SRAM weighs a whopping half a kilogram less as well.

…the clunky change can make the Lafree slower in town than the old model…

We’ll get straight to the downside – like the Sturmey, the SRAM is a fine piece of engineering, but it can’t deal with the rider pedalling, or motoring, through changes. Against the relatively slick Nexus shifting, the SRAM is ponderous and slow. It rarely misses a gear, but you can’t start pedalling until you hear a click from the back wheel signifying a complete change, and this takes an age.The pause is longer changing down through the gears, but still evident with upward changes. If you rush it, the hub simply refuses to do the business. First gear is a particular problem, especially when a steep gradient takes you by surprise – in other words, just when you need a low gear in a hurry. By the way, Giant claims that the change improves with use…

Giant Lafree Comfort ST Chainguard

The new frame is both lower and more rigid than the old design.These chainguard/motor/battery mouldings are more difficult to refit than they look

The clunky change can make the new Lafree slower in town than the old model, but we soon got used to treating it as a wide-ratio 3-speed, using gears 5, 3 and 2, which saves a bit of time. In hilly country, things are very different. On really steep hills, where the 3- or 4-speed bikes would be struggling, the 5-speed has a ratio and a bit left in reserve. How useful this is depends on where you live, and how you expect to ride the bike. As with the Honda Compo, but more so, there really is no practical limit to the hill climbing ability of the 5- speed Lafree.

Top gear is a shade low, at 79″, against 80″ for the Lite variant and 83″ for the 4-speed Comfort. Heading down, the ratios are 64″, 50″, 39″ and 32″, which would be reasonably low on a conventional bike. Overall, that’s slightly undergeared, so we’d be tempted to reduce the size of the hub gear sprocket by a one tooth, giving a top ratio of 83″.You could go further and give the ST a nice fast ‘overdrive’ top, but that would be illegal so, of course, we wouldn’t dream of recommending it…

If all this talk of percentages, ratios, inches and sprockets sounds confusing, all you really need to know is that the 5-speed Lafree offers unsurpassed efficiency. Compare the power consumption graph on page 18 with that for the Honda on page 28, and it’s immediately obvious that the Lafree’s Panasonic drive is not only fundamentally more efficient, but the extra two gears help it to run closer to peak efficiency for more of the time.The system also cuts out when you pass a preset pedal cadence, so there’s no need to turn the motor off when riding above 15mph.The SRAM hub feels efficient too, helping to make the ST one of the most pleasant electric machines to ride unassisted.

Adjustment is probably the easiest we’ve seen on any hub or derailleur system. Thanks to a little transparent window on top of the ‘clickbox’, you just twiddle the cable adjuster in Gear 3 until two cross-hairs are in alignment. Other manufacturers please note.

Other changes

An occasional criticism of the Lafree was the relative flexibility of the step-thru ladies frame, although frame flex is less important on an electric bike than a conventional bike, because you’re less likely to be heaving on the handlebars.The new 5-speed addresses the problem with a beefier 6cm mainframe tube in place of the older 4cm x 51/2cm oval design.The bike certainly feels a lot stiffer, but there’s a 300g weight penalty, even after the lighter gearbox has been taken into account.

For the time being, the 3- and 4-speed Lafree will continue in production in both ladies ‘step-thru’ style, or gents, with a traditional top tube, but the 5-speed will only be available in this step-thru form. Bad news for gentlemen is that when stocks of the 4- speed hub have been exhausted, only the base 3-speed model will be available with a full frame. However, the new design is probably just as stiff, and there’s no top tube to get your leg over. At 40cm, the step-thru height is unusually low, against nearly 47cm on the old model.

Giant has also added a few grams by fitting a full chainguard, but it’s hard to understand why.The old guard was light, simple and must have done a reasonable job, because our chain is in fair condition after 3,000 miles.The new one is made from four plastic mouldings, bolted, screwed and clipped together in the most confusing manner imaginable.The bits don’t fit together very well, and ours rubbed on the wheel on arrival – it took five minutes to fix the problem and an hour to reassemble the bits.The chain will last for ever, but you’ll need a modest tool kit, an even temper and plenty of time to get the wheel off by the roadside.That’s a shame, because one of the Lafree’s primary selling points was easy wheel removal, compared to other electric bikes.

Another small, but significant change, is to the automatic lights, where the duplicate Nexus sensor has been omitted.When we tested the Comfort (see A to B 31), we found it interfered with the light sensor in the Lumotec front light.This odd mismatch has now been cured, leaving a front light that goes on and off according to ambient light levels as intended. If you ride through a tunnel, or into a glade of trees at dusk, the lights will come on.We’d rather it happened in brighter conditions, but it is a superb system nonetheless.

Range

giant-lafree-comfort-st-power-consumption

The Lafree sips fuel where others slurp - note the low peak consumption and the very small amount (the grey area) wasted by the machine’s control systems

Just to recap, all the electric bikes we test (or at least, those that are up to it) are ridden on our long established course across the hills into Dorset, given a brief (and usually insufficient) two- hour charge and sent home again. Back in 2001, the Lafree Lite managed 20 miles at a rather leisurely 12.8mph. The following year, the slightly higher geared 4-speed Comfort managed only 18.5 miles, but at a much more impressive 14mph.

…It’s the most efficient electric vehicle we’ve seen, and the best hill climber..

With marginally the lowest gearing of the three, and five well spread ratios, it seemed logical that the ST would do better, but we were still surprised to achieve 20.1 miles before the ‘low fuel’ warning light began to flash, and a total mileage of 22.9 at a reasonable 13.2mph. In terms of fuel efficiency, that’s easily the best we’ve seen – 6.8 watt/hours per mile based on the nominal battery capacity, or more realistically, 10.8 Wh/mile if charging losses are taken into account.

giant-lafree-comfort-stIf you think 23 miles isn’t far, remember we’re riding fast in hilly country. On a more leisurely 30 mile jaunt with Alexander in the child seat, the ST came home with two ‘fuel’ lights still glowing out of five. On the ‘ECO’ setting, we’d say 40 miles would be quite within reach with care.

Charging rate is better than most; our two-hour top-up providing a 52% charge, giving (in this case) a range of 9.9 miles at 13.3 mph.The charger is the same light, compact unit provided with Lafree bikes since their introduction, and the total charge time of 3 hours and 50 minutes is unchanged.

Running costs come out at 7.9p per mile, which is the same as the 4-speed Comfort, the £50 extra purchase cost being offset by the improved running efficiency. Incidentally, we’re assuming a replacement battery cost of £195, but Giant tell us dealer prices may vary, so it could be worth shopping around. An up-to-date running cost comparison chart can be found on our website.

Conclusion

The Lafree ST is the heaviest Lafree yet and, at £1,149, the most expensive, none of which sounds very good. But it’s only marginally heavier, and it only costs fifty quid more than the 4-speed Comfort. In the credit column, it’s the most fuel-efficient electric vehicle we’ve seen, and the best hill-climber, which is quite a rare feat. Our only real doubt is over the gearbox – we’d certainly recommend trying it against the cheaper 3- or 4-speed bikes before making a decision. But gearbox and chainguard niggles apart, the rigid frame, smooth looks and overall efficiency make this one of the best electric bike yet to reach these shores. It’s one of the most expensive, but we think most users would consider it a price worth paying. (For more background on the Lafree, See A to B 27 & 31)

Specification

Lafree Comfort ST £1,149
Weight Bicycle 21.7kg (48lb) Battery 3.9kg (8lb) Total 25.6kg (56lb)
Gear system SRAM P5 hub
Ratios 32″ 39″ 50″ 64″ 79″
Batteries Nickel metal-hydride
Nominal capacity 156Wh
Maximum range 22.9 miles
Two-hour range 9.9 miles
Fuel consumption 10.8Wh/mile
Full charge 3hr 50m
Test Duration 200 miles
Running costs 7.9p per mile
UK distributor Giant UK tel 0115 977 5900 mail info@giant-uk.demon.co.uk

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MicroMaxxi – Breezer Itzy

MicrosMaxxi Breezer Itzy Folding BikeNot so long ago, the renowned Joe Breeze – inventor of the mountain bike to some – decided to import a line of folding bikes into the States, as part of his Breezer label’s move away from the MTB.Whose products would this giant of the US bicycle world choose as a partner we wondered? Birdy perhaps? Or maybe Brompton – both were looking to improve their US representation at the time.To our enormous surprise, Joe settled on Oyama, a Taiwanese/Chinese manufacturer of crude, toy-like machines from the murky basement world of budget folders.

Not all Oyama products are completely hopeless, and the 20-inch folders look quite presentable, but the real joker was the ‘Micro’ 14-inch bike, which Joe labelled the Itzy and began flogging for $450.We felt compelled to write the following in our web-based Buyer’s Guide:‘The little Itzy has a super-short wheelbase and is not really suitable for carrying a typical North American.’ Fair comment we thought, but it resulted in a flurry of emails from the States, including the sort of Good Cop, Bad Cop stuff outlawed by the Geneva Convention. In the event, we failed to back down (the pocket review is still there for anyone who wants a good laugh), and Breezer went on to withdraw all lines of communication.

…twirling pedals and overly-low seat post… make you feel like a complete plonker…

The Micromaxxi

Actually, if the Itzy had been branded as a $200 trailer park accessory, as it has in the UK, we’d have been kinder, because the bike – sold here as the Micromaxxi for £185 – is a long way from being the worst folder in the world. That said, it does have some rather damning faults, not least of which is that it’s totally unsuitable for the average North American.

The problem here is wheelbase, or at 81cm, the lack of it.That wouldn’t matter if this decidedly small bike was only to be ridden by small people, but the handlebar height is 92cm, and the saddle goes up to 89cm, or even more for those with nerves of steel.

You don’t need to be a mathematician to calculate that when a bicycle is taller than it is long, it’s likely to be a bit unstable, particularly if 68% of the rider’s weight is born by the rear wheel (compare these figures with the Honda on page 27).

The Micro is available in steel and alloy derivatives, the alloy model allegedly weighing a respectable 8.7kg. Unfortunately MaxxiRaxx, the importer, decided against the alloy job, so ours is steel, and it weighs a substantial 11.4kg, which would be acceptable for a folding bike with gears and accessories, but it’s extremely heavy for a tiny single-speed job.

On the positive side, the Micro is well finished.The welds are quite neat, the silver paintwork is lustrous, and the bike feels unusually rigid and stable.The 14-inch alloy wheels (not to be confused with the Bickerton and ‘baby’ Moulton 14×13/8″ size) are unusual in the UK, with a metric size of 40x254mm.You’ll want to look after the Duro tyres, because they’ll be next to impossible to replace. About 13 inches in overall diameter, the tyres may be small, but they’re positively grown-up against the 203mm tyres fitted to the Gekko and other slightly dubious tiny-folders.

MicrosMaxxi Breezer Itzy Brakes

You don’t often see calipers as cheap and nasty as this nowadays

The rigid frame and largish wheels combine to give the Micro a surprisingly good ride, with modest pothole hopping capabilities. But get out of the car park onto a proper road and the Micro is blown away by all other two wheelers.The single 43″ gear is totally inadequate, and the twirling pedals and overly-low seat post combine to make you feel (and look) like a complete plonker. So outrageously daft is this machine that scaffolders and the like, who might be expected to have some pithy witticism in store, simply stare open-mouthed.

Acceleration and top speed are so poor that we were unwilling to tackle a roundabout, the general impression being that the bike is something of a danger to shipping, forcing other cyclists to pull out into the traffic to pass.This is strictly not a commuter machine.

Considering the ‘over-square’ dimensions of the bike, it is perhaps just as well that the brakes are atrocious, because decent brakes would have the rider performing involuntary ‘stoppies’. The front manages a barely acceptable stop of .45G, but a convoluted cable run and basement-level caliper conspire to give an emergency stop of .2G at the rear. If you’re having trouble picturing a stopping force of .2G, think of something just noticeable to the rider.

Folding

microsmaxxi-breezer-itzy-folding-bike-folded

The Micromaxxi produces a neat and compact folded package

Much better news here.The bars fold down quite neatly against the front wheel, and the frame hinges in the middle, bringing the rear wheel round to sandwich the bars. Drop the saddle stem in the right place and it fits neatly round one of the brake levers, which helps to hold it all together.The folded package measures 33cm wide by 55cm high and 63cm long.That’s 114 litres or 4 cubic feet, which is almost Brompton-sized, so stowage space shouldn’t be a problem.

The Micromaxxi comes with a rather smart bag that folds away into itself and clips over the bars. it might also morph into a backpack, but we just didn’t have the patience to find out.The problem is, it’s all much too fiddly and time-consuming. Bags are not usually required on trains anyway, so the five minutes needed to unzip it and wrestle the bike in is wasted time.

Conclusion

In the sub-£200 region most of the opposition is quite large and/or heavy, as you might expect, but most of these bicycles can be ridden a realistic distance at a realistic speed. The Micromaxxi is the cheapest super-compact bike around, comparing well – in terms of folded size – with the Brompton ‘C’ type at £375, or the Riese & Müller Frog at £700. But it just isn’t rideable.

The importers suggest that the bike might suit caravanners and other leisure purchasers, but we think it serves little purpose in this market either. A Brompton or Dahon will carry a container of water or fuel, bring home the shopping, and splosh cheerfully along rough towpaths – the Micromaxxi will do none of these things. If you really can’t spare more than £200, buy a budget 20-inch folder. If you want a similarly practical compact folding bike, you will regret not a penny of the £375 Brompton ‘C’ type.

Specification

Micromaxxi £185 . Breezer Itzy $450
Weight 11.4kg (25lb)
Max Saddle height <89cm
Gear Ratio 43″
Folded Dimensions W33cm H55cm L63cm
Folded Volume 114 litres
Manufacturer Oyama Industrial web www.oyama.com
UK distributor Touchstone Designs
tel 01342 844678 mail info@touchstone-design.co.uk web www.touchstone-design.co.uk

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Croozer Cargo

Croozer Cargo Bicycle TrailerOwning both a Giant Lafree and a Powabyke I’d always felt they would be ideal for pulling quite a sizeable amount of gear about, and that without a trailer, I was not making best use of them.The Croozer Cargo from Zwei plus zwei seemed to promise a lot (lightweight but reasonably strong construction, easy fixing to most axles, 30kg payload and a reasonably straightforward fold) and at £125 it wasn’t too expensive. Having never even ridden a cycle and trailer combination before I was understandably apprehensive about taking it out and about on West Yorkshire’s often busy roads.

One month later and I’m wondering why I ever doubted the practicality of using a trailer in general and the Croozer in particular. First-off, if you are after a heavy duty, ‘bomb-proof’ trailer for light industrial use the Croozer isn’t for you; the combination of mild steel frame and nylon sides with a plastic base is clearly built to be light (10.5kg) and manageable and as such is ideal for shopping and other everyday ‘convenience’ use (and 30kg is still a very decent maximum payload).This is a remit it carries out excellently.

croozer-cargo-bicycle-trailer-hitch

The hitch is bolted onto the rear axle. A clevis pin provides a quick release

Assembly from the flat, folded item is pretty quick; pull out the sidewalls and secure with the ‘griphead’ bolts then fix on the wheels with the spring clips before slotting on the towbar and securing it with two more spring clips. Fix the coupling attachment to the bicycle hub axle and you are away – the only tool needed is a spanner to release the axle nut, unless it’s quick-release, in which case this is a tool-free operation!

The problem when riding with a moderately loaded Croozer attached to an electric bike is that you forget it’s there – potentially costly if passing through narrow access points on cycle paths.The trailer is allowed to swivel and pivot freely behind the bike by means of a spring fitting which in general works excellently, though it delivers a peculiar ‘pull-push’ effect carrying a heavy load up a steep hill as the spring stretches and compresses (the only time I noticed this was pulling a 25kg sack of compost up a steep hill with a Brompton that was not geared for hill-climbing). Attached to the Lafree this problem is much reduced.The Croozer sits nice and level behind the Brompton because of its similar 16×1.75″ wheels. As an added bonus, both trailer and cycle will take the same inner-tube.

…the experience has made me a trailer convert… motorists tend to give you more space…

croozer-cargo-bicycle-trailer-folded

The Croozer takes five minutes to fold - not a day-to-day job

The smart red nylon cover looks flimsy but strategically placed velcro provides a reasonably firm fit and at least some resistance to rain, though it’s certainly not fully waterproof. Indeed, the longevity of some of the components was my only concern. In commendably honest fashion the instructions give very helpful information on wear and tear; in particular rims, spokes and hubs should be kept as dry as possible and maintained well, as water (particularly salt water) will corrode them very quickly. Happily the straightforward construction lends itself to easy repair and modification by a competent home mechanic, for example more solid, durable sides could be fitted if heavy pointed or sharp items were a regular load.

The experience has made me a trailer convert; if anything the presence of a trailer whilst cycling makes me feel a little more at ease, as motorists tend to give you more space. It also encourages you to ride further out from the curb and take a wider line around corners – this more assertive riding style itself being a safety feature. I’m now firmly sold on the idea of towing by cycle.

Specification

Croozer Cargo £125
Weight 10.5kg (23.1lb)
Maximum Load 30kg
Cargo Hold L76cm W47cm H34cm
Cargo Hold Volume 121 litres
Folded size L85cm W60cm H15cm
Manufacturer Zwei plus zwei web www.zweipluszwei.com
UK Distributor AMBA Marketing tel 01392 840030 mail info@amba-marketing.com

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Honda Step-Compo

Honda Step Compo Electric Folding BikeThis article dates from June 2004, and the Step-Compo has long since disappeared. It was a brave effort by the Japanese – a lightish, stylish folding electric bike, but it was soon overwhelmed by cheaper Chinese tat

Not everybody can see the point in owning one, but most people recognise that a folding electric bike needs quite a dose of high technology if it’s going to be portable and rideable. To satisfy these two contradictory requirements, take the most efficient motor and batteries you can find, bolt them to the lightest frame and add the neatest folding mechanism.The Honda Compo is a classic in such company, and naturally enough, it hails from Japan, where space-saving electrical gadgets are very much the thing.

Honda has been producing folding electric bikes for the domestic Japanese market since April 1998, with the launch of the racy-looking Raccoon Compo.Three years later, the Raccoon was replaced by the lighter, and even more stylish, Step Compo. Export efforts revolved around the simultaneous launch of the Step Wagon – one of those bloated people carriers, the Americans laughingly call mini-vans (you should see the maxi). In America, the Compo is viewed as a Step Wagon accessory, but for the home Japanese market, this compact, cute and reasonably light machine seems to have been aimed primarily at women – not the station wagon kind, but everyday ladies making everyday bicycle journeys. Electric bikes are big news in Japan, with sales of close to 500,000 last year, and – being Japan – a sizeable minority are folding models.

…Mayor Ken’s Wonderful Congestion Charge has created a whole new market…

OK, an electric folding bike is ideal for Mr Macburger’s leisurely circuit of the trailer ark, and Mrs Suzuki’s station commute, but would you or I want one? Demand has apparently rocketed in the UK this year, with several dealers reporting container- loads of bikes pre-sold before arrival. Most are for leisure use, but a growing minority of buyers are, like Mrs Suzuki, looking for a practical rail-link folder, and let us not forget Mayor Ken’s Wonderful Congestion Charge, which has created a whole new market in motorised car-boot jobs in and around London.

In theory, a folding electric bike offers all the storage advantages of a conventional folder, plus the ability to laugh at gradients and headwinds. In practice, most of the current crop are either too heavy, like the ETC, or offer limited performance, like the SRAM Sparc-powered Dahon Roo. A glance at the graph below reveals that nothing quite hits our weight/performance target, but some are getting close.

The Honda Step Compo

Forget those dorky shoppers and frightful frumpy folders of old – the Step Compo is one of the neatest and most sharply-styled small bikes you could hope to find.The general stance is vaguely Birdy-esque, but otherwise the machine is more or less unique. The frame is delightfully crafted aluminium, featuring an oval blue-anodised main tube, hinged at the rear to a silver-anodised monocoque housing the power unit and battery, with two arms reaching back to provide rear wheel drop-outs.The polished alloy saddle stem pops out the top of the monocoque at a rakishly sharp angle.The front end is less satisfactory from a styling point of view, with a rather ramshackle hinge operated by a sort of wand, and slightly naff chromed stem and forks.

Despite this front/rear disparity, the Compo is a real looker.The motor/gearbox assembly is styled along motorcycle lines, but it’s unobtrusive, and the tiny battery nestles invisibly behind the saddle stem.To the untutored eye, this is no more than a bicycle with a slightly unusual frame, and you really do have to look hard to pick out the electrical accoutrements.

Electric Bike Performance Chart

STATE OF THE ART: The lightest electric bikes tend to have the shortest range. Note that the best performer to date is also the crudest – the Zap friction drive fitted to the Brompton

…Honda claims the motor will pull to 14.4mph, but this certainly isn’t the case…

Gears come, very sensibly, courtesy of a light and compact Nexus 3-speed hub in the rear wheel. Like the Panasonic power unit fitted to the Giant Lafree and other electric bikes, power is fed into the crank (through what would conventionally be the bottom bracket), so both human and motor output is fed through the gears in the rear wheel.This is the best system for hilly areas, because the motor effort can be geared down, which keeps the motor singing happily, even at low speed on steep gradients.

Honda Step Compo Folding Electric Bike Stem

The styling at the front is less satisfactory

Gear ratios are highish for a small- wheeled bike at 43″, 59″ and 80″, but low in electric-assist terms. Unassisted, the bike nips about like any other small folder, although the extra weight, and a degree of mechanical resistance in the power unit, make the machine feel quite slothful.Turn the key to the green ‘ON’ position and it’s a different story. Unlike the Panasonic Porta-Ranger we tried back in December 2001 (the Honda’s natural competitor), the Compo is a perky little performer, with enough oomph to lift the front wheel in first gear if you don’t take care.This tendency is exacerbated by a short 98cm wheelbase and rear- biased weight distribution (65% of the weight is over the rear wheel). It shouldn’t cause a serious upset, but you do need to take care pulling away, particularly on steep gradients.

honda-step-compo-electric-bike-battery

Note the aluminium monocoque, power key, hinge and motorcycle styling cues.The battery lives in the box behind the saddle stem

honda-step-compo-electric-bike-power-consumption

The Honda power consumption graph is quite revealing. The white peaks represent power used by the motor in each gear, while the grey area represent the power drawn from the battery. At low speed, a considerable amount is wasted.

Within a few seconds, you’re up through the gears at 8 or 9mph in top, with the power-assistance starting to fade away. By 10mph, the motor is fading fast, and top whack is a shade over 12mph. Thereafter, you have the choice of cruising gently along at 12mph with the motor making a modest contribution, or taking advantage of the 80” top gear and pedalling on to 14 or 15mph on your own. If you take the high speed option, you need to reach down and fumble with the key, because the motor will otherwise continue to buzz uselessly as you pedal. Incidentally, Honda claim the motor will pull to 23km/h or 14.4mph, but this certainly isn’t the case.

With saddle adjustment of 71 to only 96cm, we found higher speed a bit beyond our reach at first. Strangely enough, there’s plenty of stem left when the saddle hits the maximum height stop, so if you buy a Step Compo, we’d recommend doing what we did and drilling out the height stop pin.This enables the saddle to be raised to 100cm or so, which should suit all but the lankiest Europeans. However, a word of warning in best nanny state tradition – beware of making such adaptations if you’re both tall and chunkily built, because with a stem as steeply raked as this, there’s a real risk of over-stressing it, with rather unpleasant consequences. It’s worth remembering that these little bikes are designed for delicate porcelain-skinned Japanese ladies, not hairy barbarians like you.With the handlebars fixed at a lowish 91cm, the very tall may feel a bit ‘bum-in-the-air’, but for some that racy position will be an advantage.

Road behaviour is on a par with most other small-wheeled, short-wheelbase bikes. The Compo is nippy, but easily caught out by potholes, and rolling resistance is a bit depressing.Tyres are the ‘small’ 305mm 16-inch size widely used in the Far East. State-of- the-art rubber in this size rolls quite well on a good surface, but the 50psi Duro tyres achieved only 13.4mph descending our test hill.That’s respectable, but noticeably slower than the ‘big’ 16-inch Brompton tyre, for example, and very slow by 26-inch standards.

The real beauty of a crank motor is hill climbing, and once the going gets tough, you soon forgive the little Honda any slothfulness on the flat. Compared to the Porta-Ranger, and the similarly-powered Lafree, the crank sensor is insensitive, so a little more muscle power is needed before the motor chips in. But pedal reasonably hard in first gear, and the Honda will climb anything South Somerset has to offer. Gradients of 12.5% (1:8) are easy, restarts at 18% a mere trifle, and we just cleared 22%, or 1:41/2, and you don’t see many roadsigns like that outside t’Dales. Serious gradients are quite hard work, of course, but a great deal easier than riding a conventional bike, and faster than pushing one.

A word of warning.The Honda power unit buzzes along quite efficiently on the flat, but if the motor speed is allowed to fall, the power managed only 9.7 miles at consumption will rise alarmingly. Forget to change down on a hill and you’ll be eating batteries. In this a modest 11.8mph…” respect, the fuel-sipping Panasonic is streets ahead.

Another difference to the Panasonic system is the ‘Eco’ setting.The Giant Lafree delivers full power until you reach a hill, when the motor output is ‘capped’ to limit the climb speed. On the Honda, power is unaffected, but you have to give the pedals an extra push before the motor cuts in (thereafter, you can pedal as normal). Forget it – like most economy devices, this one is virtually useless. If you want to ride for economy, avoid straining the motor at low speed, and turn it off once in a while, something that applies to all electric bikes.

Equipment is limited to the centre stand, a bell and a pair of vestigial mudguards that might be useful in a shower, but would leave you very wet in serious rain.

Range & Charging

honda-step-compo-electric-bike-rangeThe Honda Step Compo’s nickel-metal hydride battery is genuinely handbag-sized, weighing just 2.2kg.The problem is a capacity of barely 84 Watt/hours.To put that in perspective, the Lafree has a 156Wh battery and the Ezee Forza 314Wh – almost four times the size. Surprise, surprise, the Step’s bijou battery is lighter, but gives barely a quarter of the range. Riding our usual hilly ‘mountain’ course, the Honda managed only 9.7 miles at a modest 11.8mph. Riding exactly the same course on ‘ECO’ yielded a range of 10 miles at 11.6mph. Honda claims a range of 121/2 miles with normal power and 19 miles on ECO.That might be possible in laboratory conditions, but you’d be lucky to achieve anything similar on the road.

The battery has a neat and fairly accurate 5-LED fuel gauge, but you have to nip round to the back of the machine and press a button to see it. With the range being so limited, the lights pop off at intervals of little over a mile, although the final flashing ‘reserve’ light stays on for almost quarter of a ‘tank’ – more than two miles. In practice, of course, the light flashes away unseen and unheeded until the motor cuts out.When it does, this sprightly little machine starts to feel a bit depressing. The frame is rigid enough, but the ‘stiction’ in the drive makes it hard to pedal, and the limited gear range and rather high gearing doesn’t help either.

We generally recommend buying an electric bike with twice the battery capacity you need on a typical ride. On that basis, the Honda is really only up to trips of five miles or so, which is a bit disappointing. It’s hard to understand why the engineers went for such a small battery, accounting for only 12% of the vehicle weight.Twice the battery would give a range of more than twenty miles (bigger batteries discharge more efficiently too), for a weight gain of only 2kg – a trade-off most people could live with.

Overall running costs, including bike and battery depreciation, consumables and electricity, works out at around 8.5p per mile – one of the most expensive around. Fuel consumption – including charger losses – is just over 14 Watt/hours per mile, which compares rather badly to the Panasonic-powered bikes. (The leisurely Porter-Ranger achieved about 11.5Wh per mile and the much faster, and wonderfully efficient Giant Lafree ST, 10.8Wh per mile.)

The good news is a rapid charge.This comes out at about two hours twenty minutes, putting the Honda amongst the exclusive list of electric bikes that will recharge over a leisurely lunch. Unfortunately, the charger is pretty big (25cm x 10cm x 5cm) and in 240 volt land (that’s almost everywhere except Japan and the USA), the bike needs a chunky 240-110 volt converter too.This pair, plus leads and plugs, weigh almost 2kg, which doesn’t sound much until you realise that on ten to twenty mile trips you’ll be carrying this little lot in a backpack…

Incidentally, to transform the performance of the Honda Step Compo, simply swap the rear 14-tooth sprocket for a 13-tooth, increasing the gear ratios to 46″, 64″ and 86″. This increases the maximum assisted speed to 13mph plus, giving the bike a more relaxed long-legged feel at the expense of extreme hill climbing ability. This simple change results in a higher average speed (12.7mph) and a greater range (10.4 miles). Well worth the effort.

Folding

honda-step-compo-electric-bike-folded

The Honda makes a neat and compact folded package. Off the stand and with the saddle stem removed, it’s even smaller

How long have you got? The easiest way to fold the Step Compo is to put it on the neat little centre stand, and release and fold the handlebars, mainframe and pedals.The VP-116 pedals are reasonably compact, but a bit cruel to fingers, and nails in particular. Fold One is a less-than-a- minute job, producing a package of 186 litres or 6.6 cubic feet. which is much much smaller than the Porta-Ranger and well into conventional folding bike territory.The wheels need to be strapped together (a strap is supplied) and the package sits very tidily and securely on the stand. Folded like this, the bike would be welcome on most train services, but you’ll need the arm muscles of an all-in wrestler to hoik 18.7kg on board.

…the Honda Compo is a stylish and effective electric folding bike…

If you have another minute to spare, removing the saddle stem and strapping it between the wheels reduces the volume to 158 litres, which we’ll call Fold Two, and lifting the stand reduces the volume to 130 litres (4.6 cubic feet).With the stand up, the package tends to fall over, but this lower, slightly longer Fold Three package will go almost anywhere a Brompton will go. And that’s seriously compact.

Last but not least, if you have five minutes to spare, the Honda has a clever trick up its sleeve, for not only is this a folding bike, it’s a separable one too. As tricks go, it’s a bit long-winded, involving no fewer than 26 illustrations in the helpful (but entirely Japanese) handbook. Basically, you start by whipping out the battery, unfastening a quick release on the left handlebar, twisting and removing the left twistgrip and brake assembly and putting it in the battery box. Having relocated both the front-rear cables to the rear, you fold the handlebars as normal, open the frame hinge and press a little release button, which rather alarmingly allows the hinge to fall apart.This leaves you holding a 2.2kg battery, a front section weighing 4.2kg, and a much larger rear portion with all the electric and drive gubbins, weighing in at 12.3kg.The process is grease-free and relatively quick and foolproof.Whether it would be any use is another matter, but clever, nonetheless.

Honda also supply a neat soft bag affair to carry the bike at Fold One plus the stand. This comes complete with shoulder straps, or a front strap and rear castors – much easier, but for smooth surfaces only. A neat touch is that the seat tube drops into a steel subframe fixed to the castors, so the bike stays upright and most of the weight ends up on the wheels.You might not want to wrestle the bike into the bag very often, but it’s obligatory on the Shinkansen and pretty useful on the Routemaster to Little Cobblington. The usefulness of the bag is limited by the gross weight (20kg, including 1.3kg of bag) and the usual folding bike Catch 22 – what do you do with the bag when you ride off?

Conclusion

On paper, it’s easy to dismiss the Honda Step Compo. It’s heavier than most (but not all) conventional folding bikes, and slower than a full-size electric bike, with about half the range. Even amongst folding electric bikes, some of the crude Zap friction-drive conversions we’ve seen do much the same thing for little more than half the price.

On the positive side, it folds well, it’s pleasant to ride, and it’s a stunning looker. If style is your thing, whether on the commuter run or cruising those hilly Sustrans leisure routes, you might well be tempted by the Step Compo.

With a high-tech lithium-ion battery, higher gearing, and a few grams shaved off here and there, we think the bike would be greatly improved. Meanwhile, a spare battery will increase the range to 20 miles, for about £150. It will also reduce the need to carry the heavy charger on longer day rides.

We think the Honda Step Compo certainly does have a place in the great scheme of things. It isn’t cheap, but if you can live with the limited endurance, it’s a stylish and effective electric folding bike.

Specification

Honda Step Compo £1,095
Weight (bicycle) 16.5kg (battery) 2.2kg (total) 18.7kg (41lb)
Gears Nexus 3-speed
Ratios 43″ 59″ 80″
Batteries Nickel-metal hydride
Nominal capacity 84Wh
Maximum range 9.7 miles
Fuel consumption 14Wh/mile
Full charge 2hr 20m
Running costs 8.5p/mile
Test Duration 60 miles
Manufacturer Honda web www.honda.com
UK distributor 50cycles tel 020 7794 5508 mail fiftycycles@50cycles.com web www.50cycles.com

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Strida Mark 3

Strida Mark 3 Folding BikeStrida Mark 3 Folding BikeAs an internet buyer, the experience was simple. I chose, I clicked, I bought, it arrived the next day, I unpacked, unfolded, fitted the seat, and rode. And nearly fell off. But although your first ten seconds on a Strida are bewildering, your brain quickly reprograms your senses. It’s short, rigid, nippy, and surprisingly comfy. My wife at 5′ 7″ thought it was great, because the riding position really is very upright, and the clever adjustable seat slides up and down the rear of the ‘triangle’ (after loosening three bolts), making it comfortable for both the short and the tall (six foot is probably the maximum though).The handlebars are placed very close to your body, which is unnerving at first, but quickly becomes very natural. It’s sort of steering from your stomach – none of this stretched-out-racer-style lark. I imagined I’d be thrown out of the seat upon mounting pavements and bumping over long grass, but the frame changes (see below) must have worked, because it feels far more rigid than a Brilliant Micro on the road, but is still compliant enough to tackle towpaths.

Anyone doing their maths will have realised that this bike is not without limitations. A single 52″ gear means that long distance tourers, off-roaders (a sticker on the frame forbids wheelies), nor racers will find satisfaction here. But if you’re in no hurry and don’t mind riding a sliver of Dairylea, one gear can be enough. Settle yourself into the bike’s comfortable 10mph cruise, enjoy the gentle flex still present in the plastic crank wheel, and let the world enjoy the spectacle of an adult riding a shiny silver coat-hanger.

Accessories

You can spec your Strida out with a whole plethora of accessories at www.strida.com. I settled for a small plastic rack, a pair of rather short plastic mudguards, some nicely engineered folding handlebars, and a pair of folding pedals. All models come fitted with a natty Allen key tool which fits snugly under the seat (why don’t all bikes have built-in tools like this?).

The Strida is likely to appeal to those who want a bike without all the messy, ‘technical’ bits. If you like to just unfold and ride, you’ll appreciate the drum brakes, which along with the Destruction testing by belt drive are Stephanie, largely Ethan & Sam maintenance-free and laugh in the face of wet weather.The complete lack of grease means you can chuck it around without fear of soiling your clothes, and the Strida 3 doubles as an entirely safe climbing frame for small children. Nice. It’s also a doddle to keep clean, unlike more fiddly folding bikes, as the cables run inside the frame, and both wheels are fitted to monoblade forks, making wheel, tyre or tube changes much easier.

The Mark 3

Strida Mark 3 Folding BikeStrida have made several improvements to the third generation bikes, claiming that the new folding handlebar reduces folded dimensions from 45″ x 21″ x 20″ to 45″ x 21″ x 9″, which reduces folded volume from 309 to 139 litres (10.9 to 4.9 cubic feet)!

They’ve also increased overall frame stiffness by using 7000 series heat-treated aluminium (which certainly sounds cool), and aluminum now replaces plastic in the front stem and bottom tube, which helps direct pedal-energy into the drive belt, which is where you want it. My friend with a Strida 2 claims his model is unwillingly to climb even the gentlest of hills, something that A to B also observed in June 1998 when testing the Mark 2.

…sufficiently entertaining to make you want to jump on and ride…

Range

Strida Mark 3 Folding BikeTo find out if it can cut the commuter mustard, I draped a sheet over my 24-speed Dahon, hung up my pannier bag and resigned to cycling my 11-mile round trip commute on the Strida for a week. I (luckily) don’t have to rely on public transport for any part of my journey, so no news there I’m afraid. First morning out, I allowed an extra 20 minutes, but the ride took only four minutes longer than normal, which surprised me. No drama. No stress, and no obvious flexing from the frame. Every morning for the rest of that week the thought of riding it to work became an exciting challenge.The simplicity of the bike – one gear, drum brakes, and not much else – made me feel like a little kid again.

Conclusion

The Strida will never replace my day-to-day Speed Pro, nor will it carry great loads long distance, but it’s sufficiently entertaining to make you want to jump on and ride it. Really steep hills are out of the question and the top speed is only 10-12mph, but do you know what? These things seem trivial when I stand back and look at the bike. It is a one- off, a design icon, and something truly different in a world of conformity.Who would have thought it possible to create a truly enjoyable bicycle from three aluminium tubes and a pair of plastic wheels? It’s one of those beautifully simple inventions that delivers more than you expect.You’ll just know if you want one. In fact I want another one.To keep on the coat rack at work, just for emergencies.

Strida Mark 3, from £345 according to spec.
Strida (UK) Ltd tel 01728 745000
fax 01728 747707 mail uk@strida.com web www.strida.com

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Ezee Quando

Ezee Quando Electric BikeThis article was first published in June 2004. Ezee has more or less gone out of business now, and big heavy electric folding bikes like this are very much a thing of the past

We have to be honest; most electric folding bikes are horrible.Without being so cruel as to name names, we’d have to admit that half of the bikes we’ve tested are either complete rubbish or close to it.

Part of the problem is the conflicting design constraints discussed elsewhere, but that doesn’t explain everything.The fact is that the Chinese are churning out cheap rubbish and greedy middlemen are flogging the things in the UK for mouth-watering mark-ups, without even test- riding them. How does 250% profit sound?

The Shanghai Ezee Kinetics Co, run by Waiwon Ching and his son Ken, is a bit different.Working from a small factory in Shanghai, and a European office in France, the pair are determined to break the ‘pile ‘em high, sell ‘em cheap’ pattern and introduce a decent range of Chinese bikes.

We tested the Ezee Forza back in June 2003 and were suitably impressed.The electronics needed some fettling, but the basic concept – quality alloy frame, nickel-metal hydride battery and fast, efficient motor – proved perfectly sound.The bike has gone on to reach nearly 2,000 miles on long-term test and continues to work well. Mr Ching has now launched a folding bike called the Quando, and we had a brief look when father and son passed through the UK earlier this month.

Like the Forza, the Quando has a nicely-engineered aluminium frame, NiMH battery behind the seatpost and a powerful brushless hub motor. Unlike its big brother, the wheels are 20-inch, the frame folds, and the motor is in the rear wheel, rather than the front.The disadvantage of this layout is that you can’t fit a geared hub – one of the Forza’s best features.

Ezee Quando Electric Bike Hub

The Quando’s rear-mounted motor is compact, but it leaves little room for gears. Note the band brake.

We’re not very happy about the Ezee dual power control system.This has been brought about by confusion over whether UK electric bikes are legally allowed to motor along without the rider pedalling (they probably are allowed at present).The Ezee system features a torque sensor on the crank that brings the motor up to full power a second or two after the rider starts pedalling. The motor can also be more precisely controlled with a conventional twistgrip throttle, but this does not have a safety switch to prevent accidental power application when standing still.

We’d like to see a simpler system, where a crank movement sensor feeds power to the twistgrip, rather than squirting 36 volts straight into the motor.We only dwell on this because the Quando is the most powerful folding electric bike we’ve seen, so precise control is important, both for safety and fuel efficiency.

Ezee Quando Electric Bike Suspension

The rear suspension pivot and polymer are under the battery

The bike also has a single 53″ gear. If you can picture this, the rider starts pedalling and one second later the characteristically smooth, torquey brush-less motor cuts in, propelling the bicycle forward at a cracking pace.Within a few seconds, you’ve passed 12mph, leaving the 53-inch gear behind – further acceleration relying on the motor alone. On full throttle, the power continues to arrive smoothly and cleanly right up to (or a shade over) the 15mph legal limit. At this stage the bicycle stops accelerating and relaxes into a quiet cruise. Hills of up to 10% are simply ironed out, but steeper gradients will slow the motor to varying degrees. For example, our, ahem, 83kg rider (not Jane, incidentally) slowed the bike to 11mph on a 7% (1:14) gradient, 7mph on a 10% gradient, and the bike even managed a restart with reasonable enthusiasm at 12.5% (1:8)… all without turning a pedal. Anything steeper, and you need to provide some modest assistance, the absolute limit depending on how heavy and how fit the rider is. Our steepest local hill is about 18% (1 in 6), and we cleared that relatively easily, so an enthusiastic rider in the North Yorkshire Dales should do a lot better.

 …with one fairly low gear and oodles of power, this machine is more moped than bicycle…

Brakes are somewhat low-tech for such a speedy projectile – a nondescript caliper on the front and a rather noisy and ‘wooden’ band brake on the rear. Stopping requires quite a heave on the levers, producing a brake force of .33G from the back, which is just enough to lock the wheel (but not in reverse – see page 11).That’s adequate, but the similar .33G brake force from the front caliper brake is some way short of the power we would normally expect.

The Quando has suspension – a Moulton-style sliding fork at the front and a polymer bungee at the rear. Both units work well enough, but the front suspension can bottom- out with a nasty crash on rough roads, and the rear has no damping effect, so the bike tends to pogo up and down a bit when you’re pedalling fast, which you usually are.

Saddle height is a bit limited too, at 84cm – 94cm.That’s too high for some of the grey- market customers it might appeal to and too low for taller folk. But this is a prototype, so we can afford to be generous – these are relatively minor faults. Like the Forza, the Quando is fully equipped with mudguards, a stand, a chunky rack, bell and trip computer.

Range

ezee-quando-electric-bike-handlebar-hinge

The handlebar hinge is well engineered, but there’s a bit of play in the pivot bush

With one fairly low gear and oodles of power, this machine is more moped than bicycle, so range is less than it might have been, had we been able to test the bike in our normal ‘flat-out, plus typical pedal-power’ mode.That said, 15 miles is a good result in hilly country and with hardly any assistance from the rider. Average speed is around 141/2mph, which really isn’t bad when you consider that it’s difficult to pedal above 12mph and the motor only runs to 15mph…

Fuel consumption (including some losses in the charger) is close to 30 watt/hours per mile, but this high figure is hardly surprising when you take the performance into account. Back in June last year, with the same battery pack, a slightly less powerful motor, and more suitable pedal gearing, the Quando’s big brother consumed 18 watt/hours per mile, giving an excellent range of 33 miles.With the torque-sensor disconnected and a choice of pedal ratios, we think the Quando could easily exceed 20 miles, even on our hilly test route.

With the rocket boosters empty, the bike is still quite pleasant to ride. Despite a little play in the handlebar hinge (very common this), the frame is rigid enough to make pedal effort productive and the 53″ gear is a reasonable compromise.

ezee-quando-electric-bike-folded-2

The folded. Quando could pass for a conventional 20-inch folder

Recharging proved a bit of an unknown quantity because of a suspected charger fault, but the figures suggest four hours or more to reach a 90% charge (the Forza took five hours) and the rest of the night on a slow trickle charge to top right up. The charger is the same light, compact fan- cooled unit supplied with the Forza (see A to B 36).

Folding

Like most 20-inch bikes, the Quando folds into a large package, but the operation is easy enough and the result is very neat, all things considered. Dimensions are 38cm wide, 90cm long by 66cm high.That comes out at 226 litres or 8 cubic feet. Not minuscule, but perfectly acceptable by non-assisted 20-inch standards (the archetypal Dahon Vitesse measures 190 litres, for example). In terms of weight, the Quando is a very different animal. It’s lighter than some folding electric bikes, but at 25.7kg (20.2kg with battery removed), still way outside our folder viability zone (see graph, page 26). Once again, improved gearing and range would make a lot of difference.We think 25.7kg is a lot of hardware for a 15-mile ride, but probably acceptable with a 25-mile range.The bike would be capable of this with the right gearing.

Conclusion

Some people wouldn’t choose the Quando if it was the last bicycle on earth. But for others, it’s the dream machine they’ve given up hope of finding. If you’re old or infirm and you need a bicycle that can easily haul you home when you can’t manage another pedal stroke, this is one of the best options available. As a boat tender, the bike would cope with steep, unpaved climbs from remote harbours and carry back provisions on its substantial rear rack. The Quando would also suit a commuter in a hilly city, storming up gradients that leave conventional cyclists puffing and blowing.There are smaller electric folders available, of course, but this machine folds well enough to carry in most car boots, by train, or by boat, assuming reasonable stowage space.

The price remains a bit vague for the time being, but the target is £650 – cheaper than the much less effective Bliss or Powabyke folders. If the makers can achieve that, they have a guaranteed winner.

Specification

Ezee Quando (estimated price) £650
Weight (bicycle) 20.2kg (battery) 5.5kg (total) 25.7kg (57lb)
Gear ratio 53″
Batteries nickel-metal hydride
Capacity 324Wh . Range 15 miles
90% charge 4+ hours
Fuel consumption 30Wh/mile
Manufacturer Shanghai Ezee Kinetic Technology
fax +86 21 58224040 mail sales@ezeebike web www.ezeebike.com
European enquiries Ken Ching mail kenching@ezeebike.com

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Letter from America – Flop!

letter-from-america-flopMake your dreams come true! Come to the USA and leave with a small fortune.The time-honoured way to do this is to bring a large fortune with you, arrive in Las Vegas and spend a month or so gambling the nights away. If you are lucky, you will leave Las Vegas with a small fortune. If you are unlucky, you won’t have enough money left to buy breakfast.

That is one way.There is now a better method. Bring over a large fortune and open a group of electric bicycle shops. No matter how beautiful and well-run they are, your large fortune will disappear quickly. Sell out soon and you may still go home with a small fortune.Wait a bit longer and you will almost surely go broke. Many have tried and given up, sadder but wiser.

Reading the adverts in A to B gives the impression that the electric bike market is thriving in the UK. It isn’t thriving here. My local bike shop, which is a large and serious place, now has one electric bike standing in a corner in the rear of the store. It is dusty, marked down to half price, and attracts little interest and no buyers. It has been there for almost two years.This shop has tried to sell at least four brands of electrics over the years, and the results have been the same. Little interest and hardly any buyers.Why?

It isn’t this way everywhere. Chinese sources expect sales to top 4 million units this year. Japanese sources report sales of 500,000+ in 2003 and increasing steadily.The Western Europe/UK market seems to be humming along with 50,000 sales each year. And yet in the USA, with a population of 290,000,000 and bike sales of 10,000,000 units per year, electric bike sales probably don’t exceed 15,000 units annually, and that may be an optimistic estimate.

…to Americans, practical transport has two (or more) wheels…

letter-from-america-flop-3I know of only one successful electric bike shop in all of the USA. It is in our Pacific Northwest, in the state of Washington.The owner has by far the best American website in the business (www.electricvehiclesnw.com) and even he uses the website for occasional grumbles about the market. How can this lack of interest be explained?

The American mindset gives some clues.To Americans, practical, useful transport has four (or more) wheels. Anything with less than four wheels is automatically classified as a toy.We have many types of scooters for sale.There are electric-powered, gas-powered, and people-powered scooters, in both stand-up and sit-down models. Most are very cheap, many are unsafe and none are legal for street use.Transport in the USA is about cars.There are a few starving students cruising around on 50cc motor scooters, and of course there is the testosterone-crazed motorcycle crowd (also known as organ donors), but it really is all about cars. If you were to stand on a street corner of any American city, you would see rather few bikes, and you would quickly determine that the riders are on the bikes because they probably cannot afford to drive a car.You would be most unlikely to see a single electric bicycle unless you stood on that street corner for a year or so.

I am a daily bike commuter, and I see one every six months. Americans do not favour any sort of physical effort in their choices of daily transportation, and they have the waistlines to prove it.

The American Way of Life encourages this mentality. Relatively low taxes and relatively high spendable income are treasured parts of the American scene, and woe unto any politician who tries to change that. One economist has described our economic policy as, ‘private wealth and public squalor’. A low-tax policy will produce that sort of thing. The most important part of the policy is Cheap Gas. UK visitors quickly see that the price of gas in the USA is less than half the price in the UK.The difference is not the cost of gas. It is a difference in national taxation policies.

Cheap Gas encourages living far from work, endless driving, using cars for almost every activity, suburban sprawl on a grand scale and short changing other forms of transit. In the USA we ‘invest’ in highways and roads, but we only ‘subsidise’ public transit.The words are important, and they tell the story.There is very little place for the practical electric bicycle in that story. And so it goes all over America – on four gas- powered wheels, not on two electric-powered wheels.

There is, to be fair, some possibility of change.The era of Cheap Gas may be ending, whether Americans like it or not.There are also signs that many Americans are tired of endless driving and the costs involved, and are moving closer to their work, and may even be using some of those millions of bikes in their basements and garages for neighbourhood travels.The children of today zipping around on those toy electric scooters could well be the teenagers and adults of tomorrow zipping around on electric bikes.

The American Way of Life did not always revolve around cars, and expensive gas. Global warming concerns and the necessity for alternative energy sources may produce drastic changes. No one knows for sure, but some signs are out there.

In the meantime, let me offer some good advice for UK visitors. Leave your large fortunes at home. Do not bring them to Las Vegas. Do something sensible like buying nice swamp land or digging a tunnel from London to New York City.You will be happier and more successful. And do not even consider moving into the electric bicycle business here in the USA.Trust me on this. For the present, there is only one word that describes the USA electric bike scene. FLOP.

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A to B 41 – Night Mail 2004

atob41Tale of our times: Like many, we were finding the burden of unsolicited emails a bit tiresome and decided to reopen our long disused email address box at atob@onetel.net.uk in place of a2b@onetel.net.uk, because it seemed a more logical address anyway. What we didn’t know is that many of you have been communicating with atob@ for years, presumably without reply. When we activated the address, tens of emails fell out, some quite old. If you’ve been waiting years for a reply, do try again. Otherwise, please alter your address book, because a2b will soon be extinguished.

2004 looks set to be an important year for folding bikes, electric bikes and, by definition, this magazine. No products available yet, but if you look closely, there are some clues in this issue – faster, lighter electric machines, lighter, more aerodynamic folding bikes, and easier ways to pedal. The A to B world has never looked so interesting.

A to B 41 Contents

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